2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)acetonitrile

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 10 g of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl cyanide are dissolved at a temperature of -10° C., with stirring, in 85 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, in the process of which a fine light-brown suspension is formed. There are then slowly added dropwise at -20° C., with stirring, 5 ml of fuming nitric acid. After completion of the addition, stirring is continued for a further half hour, the temperature rising to 0° C. The reaction mixture is poured onto 500 g of ice, and the substance which precipitates is extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride phase is dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated by evaporation to leave 10.5 g of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzyl cyanide in the form of white crystals having a melting point of 67°-68° C. is formed There are then slowly added dropwise at -20° C. After completion of the addition stirring rising to 0° C the substance which precipitates is extracted with methylene chloride The methylene chloride phase is dried over sodium sulfate concentrated by evaporation

Conditions: temp:70.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A suspension of dry, solid sodium ethoxide (Aldrich, 10.2 g, 150 mmol) in a mixture of xylenes (60 mL) and anhydrous ethanol (25 mL) was stirred at 70° C., and a solution of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzeneacetonitrile (16.96 g, 100 mmol) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (30 mL) and ethanol (5 mL) was added dropwise to the hot reaction mixture over 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated at 75-78° C. for 3 h and then allowed to cool. Water (50 mL) was added to dissolve solids. The mixture was extracted once with ethyl acetate, and the extract was discarded. The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 2 by addition of 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The ethyl acetate phase was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to provide the intermediate product α-acetyl-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzeneacetonitrile as a solid (14.8 g). A suspension of dry was added dropwise to the hot reaction mixture over 20 minutes The reaction mixture was heated at 75-78° C. for 3 h to cool to dissolve solids The mixture was extracted once with ethyl acetate The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 2 by addition of 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) The ethyl acetate phase was dried (MgSO4) evaporated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium borohydride (1.73 g, 45.51 mmol) was added portionwise to a solution of 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile (1.04 g, 6.15 mmol) and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (2.18 g, 9.22 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The suspension was then filtered though Celite®, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between 1M hydrochloric acid (40 mL) and dichloromethane (40 mL). The aqueous phase was separated, basified to pH 11 with 1M ammonia solution and extracted with dichloromethane (2×40 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with dichloromethane:methanol:0.88 ammonia, 100:0:0 to 98:2:0.2, to afford the title compound as a yellow oil, 350 mg. The suspension was then filtered though Celite® concentrated in vacuo the residue was partitioned between 1M hydrochloric acid (40 mL) and dichloromethane (40 mL) The aqueous phase was separated extracted with dichloromethane (2×40 mL) The combined organic solution was washed with brine (30 mL) dried over magnesium sulfate concentrated in vacuo The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium borohydride (1.73 g, 45.51 mmol) was added portionwise to a solution of 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile (1.04 g, 6.15 mmol) and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (2.18 g, 9.22 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The suspension was then filtered though Celite®, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between 1M hydrochloric acid (40 mL) and dichloromethane (40 mL). The aqueous phase was separated, basified to pH 11 with 1M ammonia solution and extracted with dichloromethane (2×40 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with dichloromethane:methanol:0.88 ammonia, 100:0:0 to 98:2:0.2, to afford the title compound as a yellow oil, 350 mg. The suspension was then filtered though Celite® concentrated in vacuo the residue was partitioned between 1M hydrochloric acid (40 mL) and dichloromethane (40 mL) The aqueous phase was separated extracted with dichloromethane (2×40 mL) The combined organic solution was washed with brine (30 mL) dried over magnesium sulfate concentrated in vacuo The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: This compound was prepared in an analogous manner to the compound of Example 15 from 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, which was itself prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluorotoluene (Aldrich, mp. 238° C.