chloroethane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an autoclave 60 g of a 20 wt % solution of the sodium salt of N-hydroxytetrahydrophthalimide (0.063 mol), 20 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether and 5.0 g of ethyl chloride were mixed together. The mixture was heated to 100° C. After reaching this temperature the mixture was stirred for a further 5 hours while the temperature was maintained at 100° C. After 5 hours' reaction the excess ethyl chloride was blown out and the reaction mixture was discharged. The reaction mixture was composed of two liquid layers which were separated. The ether layer was analysed by gas chromatography. A yield of 81% of N-ethoxytetrahydrophthalimide (0.051 mol) was found. was maintained at 100° C were separated

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an autoclave 60 g of a 20 wt % solution of the sodium salt of N-hydroxytetrahydrophthalimide (0.063 mol) and 5.0 g (0.078 mol) of ethyl chloride were mixed together. The mixture was heated to 100° C. After reaching this temperature the mixture was stirred for a further 5 hours while the temperature was maintained at 100° C. After 5 hours' reaction the excess ethyl chloride was blown out and the reaction mixture was discharged. The reaction product was extracted from the mixture with toluene. Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract showed that the yield was 84% of N-ethoxytetrahydrophthalimide (0.053 mol). was maintained at 100° C The reaction product was extracted from the mixture with toluene Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an autoclave a solution of 3.5 g of sodium methoxide (0.065 mol) in 40 ml of methanol, 11.0 g of N-hydroxytetra-hydrophthalimide (0.066 mol) and 4.6 g (0.072 mol) of ethyl chloride were mixed together. The mixture was heated to 100° C. After reaching this temperature the mixture was stirred for a further 5 hours while the temperature was held at 100° C. After 5 hours' reaction the excess ethyl chloride was blown out and the reaction mixture was discharged. The reaction mixture comprised a large quantity of solid material. This was dissolved by the addition of water and the whole was afterwards extracted with toluene to obtain the product. Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract showed that the yield was 74% of N-ethoxytetra-hydrophthalimide (0.049 mol). was held at 100° C the whole was afterwards extracted with toluene to obtain the product Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an autoclave 60 g of a 20 wt % solution of the sodium salt of N-hydroxyhexahydrophthalimide (0.063 mol) and 5.0 g (0.078 mol) of ethyl chloride were mixed together. The mixture was heated to 100° C. After reaching this temperature the mixture was stirred for a further 5 hours while the temperature was maintained at 100° C. After 5 hours' reaction the excess ethyl chloride was blown out and the reaction mixture was discharged. The reaction product was extracted from the mixture with toluene. Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract showed that the yield was 79% of N-ethoxyhexa-hydrophthalimide (0.050 mol). was maintained at 100° C The reaction product was extracted from the mixture with toluene Gas chromatographic analysis of the toluene extract

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To 140.57 grams (1.0 mole) of benzoyl chloride at 90° C there were added 166.2 grams (1.0 mole) of triethyl phosphite over a period of 1 hour. Ethyl chloride evolution ceased at the end of this period. The unreacted benzoyl chloride and triethyl phosphite were removed by distillation at reduced pressure, terminal conditions being 100° C and 8 mm, leaving a residue of 236 grams (90% yield) of diethyl benzoylphosphonate which was reacted with diethyl sodium phosphite as in Example 1 to produce tetraethyl phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. This was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid as a viscous syrup having an acid number of 822 mg KOH/mg (Theroy is 835 mg KOH/gm); % P 22.8 (Theory 22.9%). The unreacted benzoyl chloride and triethyl phosphite were removed by distillation at reduced pressure, terminal conditions being 100° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 166.2 grams (1 mole) triethyl phosphite was added dropwise with stirring to 78.4 grams (1 mole) of acetyl chloride over a period of 30 minutes at a temperature of 30° to 35° C maintained by cooling. Ethyl chloride was evolved. The temperature was increased to 60° C over the next 1 hour and 15 minutes, at which time the evolution of ethyl chloride was complete. The product was distilled under vacuum yielding 176 grams of diethyl acetylphosphonate (DEAP) in 98% yield, B.P. about 80° C at 5 mm and having a refractive index of 1.4240 at 200° C. maintained by cooling The product was distilled under vacuum

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To 140.57 grams (1.0 mole) of benzoyl chloride at 90° C. there were added 166.2 grams (1.0 mole) of triethyl phosphite over a period of 1 hour. Ethyl chloride evolution ceased at the end of this period. The unreacted benzoyl chloride and triethyl phosphite were removed by distillation at reduced pressure, terminal conditions being 100° C. and 8 mm. leaving a residue of 236 grams (90% yield) of diethyl benzoylphosphonate which was reacted with diethyl sodium phosphite as in Example 1 to produce tetraethyl phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. This was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid as a viscous syrup having an acid number of 822 mg. KOH/mg (Theory is 836 mg. KOH/gm); % P 22.8 (Theory 22.9%). The unreacted benzoyl chloride and triethyl phosphite were removed by distillation at reduced pressure, terminal conditions being 100° C.