butanedinitrile

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The distillation residue, 59.1 grams, is dissolved in 16.2 grams water and mixed with 60 grams toluene. While stirring, carbon dioxide is then passed through the mixture until the pH is approximately 13.2. The potassium pyrrolidonate remaining in the residue has then been converted into pyrrolidone and potassium carbonate. The supernatant toluene layer is separated off. The remaining mixture is then extracted four times, each time with 60 grams toluene. After evaporating the toluene from the combined toluene layers, 54 grams of 98.8% pure pyrrolidone is obtained which is suitable for conversion into, for instance, N-vinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, this pyrrolidone can be recirculated to the section where the reaction mixture obtained in the preparation of pyrrolidone from succinonitrile is worked up.

Conditions: temp:15.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 3.5 g of anthracene-2,3-dialdehyde (E. Mallonli et al., Synthesis 1980, page 689), 1.8 g of succinodinitrile, 3 g of K2CO3 and 250 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide is heated with stirring at 60°-70° C. for 30 minutes. It is then cooled to 15° C. and 50 ml of water are added. The precipitate which has been deposited is filtered off and is sublimed at 300° C. Yield 485 mg (12%), λmax : 772 nm. is heated The precipitate which has been deposited is filtered off is sublimed at 300° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of ethyl formate (330 mg, 4.46 mmol) and succinonitrile (300 mg, 3.75 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium methanolate (215 mg, 3.97 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) at 0° C. After being stirred at RT for 3 h, the reaction mixture was treated with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-amine (486 mg, 3.82 mmol) and acetic acid (255 μl, 4.46 mmol) then heated at 120° C. for 3 h. After being cooled to RT, the reaction mixture was washed with brine, then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as a brown oil, which was used without further purification. then heated at 120° C. for 3 h After being cooled to RT the reaction mixture was washed with brine dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 filtered concentrated under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of ethyl formate (330 mg, 4.46 mmol) and succinonitrile (300 mg, 3.75 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium methanolate (215 mg, 3.97 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) at 0° C. After being stirred at RT for 3 h, the reaction mixture was treated with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-amine (486 mg, 3.82 mmol) and acetic acid (255 μl, 4.46 mmol) then heated at 120° C. for 3 h. After being cooled to RT, the reaction mixture was washed with brine, then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as a brown oil, which was used without further purification. then heated at 120° C. for 3 h After being cooled to RT the reaction mixture was washed with brine dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 filtered concentrated under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The distillation residue, 59.1 grams, is dissolved in 16.2 grams water and mixed with 60 grams toluene. While stirring, carbon dioxide is then passed through the mixture until the pH is approximately 13.2. The potassium pyrrolidonate remaining in the residue has then been converted into pyrrolidone and potassium carbonate. The supernatant toluene layer is separated off. The remaining mixture is then extracted four times, each time with 60 grams toluene. After evaporating the toluene from the combined toluene layers, 54 grams of 98.8% pure pyrrolidone is obtained which is suitable for conversion into, for instance, N-vinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, this pyrrolidone can be recirculated to the section where the reaction mixture obtained in the preparation of pyrrolidone from succinonitrile is worked up.

Conditions: temp:15.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 3.5 g of anthracene-2,3-dialdehyde (E. Mallonli et al., Synthesis 1980, page 689), 1.8 g of succinodinitrile, 3 g of K2CO3 and 250 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide is heated with stirring at 60°-70° C. for 30 minutes. It is then cooled to 15° C. and 50 ml of water are added. The precipitate which has been deposited is filtered off and is sublimed at 300° C. Yield 485 mg (12%), λmax : 772 nm. is heated The precipitate which has been deposited is filtered off is sublimed at 300° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of ethyl formate (330 mg, 4.46 mmol) and succinonitrile (300 mg, 3.75 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium methanolate (215 mg, 3.97 mmol) in toluene (1561 μl) at 0° C. After being stirred at RT for 3 h, the reaction mixture was treated with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-amine (486 mg, 3.82 mmol) and acetic acid (255 μl, 4.46 mmol) then heated at 120° C. for 3 h. After being cooled to RT, the reaction mixture was washed with brine, then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as a brown oil, which was used without further purification. then heated at 120° C. for 3 h After being cooled to RT the reaction mixture was washed with brine dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 filtered concentrated under reduced pressure