2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:16.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Methyl methacrylate (82 mL, 773 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (195.2 g, 736 mmol; Example 1, Step A) in anhydrous THF (1.5 L) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. A suspension of potassium t-butoxide (8.26 g, 73.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (340 mL) (sonicated to break up the solids) was then prepared and cannulated into the solution containing the 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone. The solution was cooled to ˜16° C. and the orange colored solution was left to stir at ambient temperature for 2.5 d. (After 2 d TLC shows the absence of the starting material). The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residual reddish brown oil was diluted with ethyl acetate (900 mL) and washed with water (4×190 mL) and then sat. aq. NaCl solution. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a racemic mixture of diastereomers. sonicated was then prepared the orange colored solution was left (After 2 d TLC shows The mixture was concentrated under vacuum The residual reddish brown oil was diluted with ethyl acetate (900 mL) washed with water (4×190 mL) The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate concentrated under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 52.1 g (197 mmol) of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (Example 1, Step A) and methyl acrylate (19.5 ml, 216 mmol) in 360 mL of THF was added 20 mL of a 1M solution of potassium tert-butoxide in THF slowly at 0° C. over a period of 20 min (reaction solution temp kept<10° C.). The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After being stirred at rt for 1 h, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 15% EtOAc/hexanes) provided the title compound as a colorless liquid. R is CH3. (reaction solution temp kept<10° C.) the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure diluted with water extracted with ethyl acetate The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution dried over Na2SO4 filtered the filtrate was concentrated Purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 15% EtOAc/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (58 ml) was added 117 mL of a 1M solution of sodium bis-(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF slowly over 1 h at −78° C. After being stirred at −78° C. for 40 min, a solution of methyl 4-chlorobenzoate (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (35 ml) was added over a period of 10 min. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h, then allowed to warm to 25° C., and stirred an additional 2 h until completion. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane to provide the title compound as a white solid. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h to warm to 25° C. stirred an additional 2 h until completion The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution dried over Na2SO4 filtered the filtrate was concentrated The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (58 ml) was added 117 mL of a 1M solution of sodium bis-(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF slowly over 1 h at −78° C. After being stirred at −78° C. for 40 min, a solution of methyl 4-chlorobenzoate (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (35 ml) was added over a period of 10 min. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h, then allowed to warm to 25° C., and stirred an additional 2 h until completion. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane to provide the title compound as a white solid. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h to warm to 25° C. stirred an additional 2 h until completion The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution dried over Na2SO4 filtered the filtrate was concentrated The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane

Conditions: temp:16.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Methyl methacrylate (82 mL, 773 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (195.2 g, 736 mmol; Example 1, Step A) in anhydrous THF (1.5 L) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. A suspension of potassium t-butoxide (8.26 g, 73.6 mmol) in anhydrous THF (340 mL) (sonicated to break up the solids) was then prepared and cannulated into the solution containing the 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone. The solution was cooled to ˜16° C. and the orange colored solution was left to stir at ambient temperature for 2.5d. (After 2 d TLC shows the absence of the starting material). The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residual reddish brown oil was diluted with ethyl acetate (900 mL) and washed with water (4×190 mL) and then sat. aq. NaCl solution. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a racemic mixture of diastereomers. sonicated was then prepared the orange colored solution was left The mixture was concentrated under vacuum The residual reddish brown oil was diluted with ethyl acetate (900 mL) washed with water (4×190 mL) The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate concentrated under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 52.1 g (197 mmol) of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (Example 1, Step A) and methyl acrylate (19.5 ml, 216 mmol) in 360 mL of THF was added 20 mL of a 1M solution of potassium tert-butoxide in THF slowly at 0° C. over a period of 20 min (reaction solution temp kept <10° C.). The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After being stirred at rt for 1 h, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 15% EtOAc/hexanes) provided the title compound as a colorless liquid. R is CH3. (reaction solution temp kept <10° C.) the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure diluted with water extracted with ethyl acetate The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution dried over Na2SO4 filtered the filtrate was concentrated Purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 15% EtOAc/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (58 ml) was added 117 mL of a 1M solution of sodium bis-(trimethylsilyl) amide in THF slowly over 1 h at −78° C. After being stirred at −78° C. for 40 min, a solution of methyl 4-chlorobenzoate (10 g, 58.6 mmol) in THF (35 ml) was added over a period of 10 min. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h, then allowed to warm to 25° C., and stirred an additional 2 h until completion. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane to provide the title compound as a white solid. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h to warm to 25° C. stirred an additional 2 h until completion The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl solution dried over Na2SO4 filtered the filtrate was concentrated The product was recrystallized from ether/pentane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (Step A) (67.4 Kg, 255 mol) in THF (325 L) was dried azeotropically to achieve a water content by Karl Fisher of 0.05 wt %. Methyl methacrylate (25.8 Kg, 257 mol) was added to the solution and the mixture was heated to 45° C. A solution of potassium tert-butoxide (20 wt % in THF, 14.3 Kg, 25 mol) was added over the course of 30 minutes and the mixture was agitated for 6 h. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. and an aqueous solution of citric acid monohydrate (20 wt %, 35 L) was added in less than 5 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (400 L) and an aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 wt %, 300 L) were added. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes and the phases were separated. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 560 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (350 L) and producing a solution of methyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (54 wt %, 140 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.01 wt % by Karl Fisher. Additional isopropanol (420 L) and sulfuric acid (53 Kg, 535 mol) were added to the solution. The mixture was warmed to reflux and agitated for 12 h, during which time 200 L of solvent were distilled and 200 L of fresh isopropanol were added to the mixture. The mixture was cooled to 20° C. and water (180 L) was added over the course of 30 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (270 L) was added and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted using isopropyl acetate (100 L). The combined organic phases were washed with water (200 L) four times. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 500 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (50 L) and producing a solution of isopropyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (60 wt %, 134 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.02 wt % by Karl Fisher. The title material was obtained in 81% overall yield as a roughly 1:1 mixture if diastereoisomers. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes the phases were separated The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (Step A) (67.4 Kg, 255 mol) in THF (325 L) was dried azeotropically to achieve a water content by Karl Fisher of 0.05 wt %. Methyl methacrylate (25.8 Kg, 257 mol) was added to the solution and the mixture was heated to 45° C. A solution of potassium tert-butoxide (20 wt % in THF, 14.3 Kg, 25 mol) was added over the course of 30 minutes and the mixture was agitated for 6 h. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. and an aqueous solution of citric acid monohydrate (20 wt %, 35 L) was added in less than 5 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (400 L) and an aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 wt %, 300 L) were added. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes and the phases were separated. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 560 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (350 L) and producing a solution of methyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (54 wt %, 140 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.01 wt % by Karl Fisher. Additional isopropanol (420 L) and sulfuric acid (53 Kg, 535 mol) were added to the solution. The mixture was warmed to reflux and agitated for 12 h, during which time 200 L of solvent were distilled and 200 L of fresh isopropanol were added to the mixture. The mixture was cooled to 20° C. and water (180 L) was added over the course of 30 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (270 L) was added and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted using isopropyl acetate (100 L). The combined organic phases were washed with water (200 L) four times. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 500 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (50 L) and producing a solution of isopropyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (60 wt %, 134 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.02 wt % by Karl Fisher. The title material was obtained in 81% overall yield as a roughly 1:1 mixture if diastereoisomers. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes the phases were separated The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone (Step A) (67.4 Kg, 255 mol) in THF (325 L) was dried azeotropically to achieve a water content by Karl Fisher of 0.05 wt %. Methyl methacrylate (25.8 Kg, 257 mol) was added to the solution and the mixture was heated to 45° C. A solution of potassium tert-butoxide (20 wt % in THF, 14.3 Kg, 25 mol) was added over the course of 30 minutes and the mixture was agitated for 6 h. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. and an aqueous solution of citric acid monohydrate (20 wt %, 35 L) was added in less than 5 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (400 L) and an aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 wt %, 300 L) were added. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes and the phases were separated. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 560 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (350 L) and producing a solution of methyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (54 wt %, 140 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.01 wt % by Karl Fisher. Additional isopropanol (420 L) and sulfuric acid (53 Kg, 535 mol) were added to the solution. The mixture was warmed to reflux and agitated for 12 h, during which time 200 L of solvent were distilled and 200 L of fresh isopropanol were added to the mixture. The mixture was cooled to 20° C. and water (180 L) was added over the course of 30 minutes. Isopropyl acetate (270 L) was added and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted using isopropyl acetate (100 L). The combined organic phases were washed with water (200 L) four times. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to generate a distillate volume of 500 L while simultaneously adding isopropanol (50 L) and producing a solution of isopropyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate in isopropanol (60 wt %, 134 kg total solution mass). The solution had a water content of 0.02 wt % by Karl Fisher. The title material was obtained in 81% overall yield as a roughly 1:1 mixture if diastereoisomers. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. The mixture was agitated for 15 minutes the phases were separated The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure