N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diamine

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of phenylacetylene (0.439 ml; 0.409 g; 4.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was treated at 0° C. with n-butyllithium (1.6 ml; 4.0 mmol; 2.5 M in hexanes) and the resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature for 10 min. The solution was cooled to 0° C., then treated with a solution of ZnBr2 (0.901 g; 4.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml) and allowed to warm to room temperature for 30 min. Solvent was removed in vacuo, then THF (2 ml) was added. This solution was then added to a room temperature solution of benzonitrile (0.204 ml; 0.206 g; 2.00 mmol), dichlorobis(trimethylphosphine)nickel (0.0282 g; 5 mol %), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine (0.182 ml; 0.144 g; 1.00 mmol), and tridecane (0.244 ml; 0.184 g; 1.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was then heated to 65° C. and stirred for 67 h; then a sample was withdrawn and quenched in a mixture of 1 M sodium citrate (aq) and MTBE. GC analysis of the organic phase of the hydrolyzed reaction sample showed the presence of 1.45 mmol (73% yield) of diphenylacetylene and 0.31 mmol of benzonitrile remaining in the reaction mixture. The solution was cooled to 0° C. to warm to room temperature for 30 min Solvent was removed in vacuo THF (2 ml) was added The reaction mixture was then heated to 65° C. then a sample was withdrawn quenched in a mixture of 1 M sodium citrate (aq) and MTBE

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of phenylacetylene (0.439 ml; 0.409 g; 4.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was treated at 0° C. with n-butyllithium (1.6 ml; 4.0 mmol; 2.5 M in hexanes) and the resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature for 10 min. The solution was cooled to 0° C., then treated with a solution of ZnBr2 (0.901 g; 4.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml) and allowed to warm to room temperature for 30 min. Solvent was removed in vacuo, then THF (2 ml) was added. This solution was then added to a room temperature solution of benzonitrile (0.204 ml; 0.206 g; 2.00 mmol), dichlorobis(trimethylphosphine)nickel (0.0282 g; 5 mol %), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine (0.182 ml; 0.144 g; 1.00 mmol), and tridecane (0.244 ml; 0.184 g; 1.00 mmol) in THF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was then heated to 65° C. and stirred for 67 h; then a sample was withdrawn and quenched in a mixture of 1 M sodium citrate (aq) and MTBE. GC analysis of the organic phase of the hydrolyzed reaction sample showed the presence of 1.45 mmol (73% yield) of diphenylacetylene and 0.31 mmol of benzonitrile remaining in the reaction mixture. The solution was cooled to 0° C. to warm to room temperature for 30 min Solvent was removed in vacuo THF (2 ml) was added The reaction mixture was then heated to 65° C. then a sample was withdrawn quenched in a mixture of 1 M sodium citrate (aq) and MTBE

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: By operating in an analogous manner to the procedure described in Examples 56-81(a), (E)-(6R,7R)-3-(3-iodo-propenyl)-8-oxo-7-trimethylsilanylamino-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-4-carboxylic acid trimethylsilanyl ester was reacted with 4,4′-butane-1,4-diyl-bis-morpholine, and with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine, respectively, to give