2-phenylpropanal

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Under a nitrogen atmosphere 13.7 mL of a 2.6M solution of n-butyllithium in n-hexane was added to a cold (-78° C.) stirred solution of 5.2 grams (0.0325 mole) of 2-phenylthiophene in 61 mL of tetrahydrofuran. This mixture was stirred at -78° C. for 1.5 hours. To this cold mixture was added 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (4.6 gram, 0.0336 mole), and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for two days. The mixture was cooled to 0° C., and approximately 45 mL of 1.2 N hydrochloric acid was added. The organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase and the aqueous phase, was extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract was combined with the organic phase and washed with an aqueous, ammonium chloride solution. The washed organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure leaving a residue. This residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (10:90), to yield 9.2 g of 2-phenyl-1-(5-phenylthien-2-yl)-1-propanol as an oil. the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to warm to room temperature stir for two days The mixture was cooled to 0° C. The organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase the aqueous phase, was extracted with chloroform The chloroform extract washed with an aqueous, ammonium chloride solution The washed organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate filtered The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure leaving a residue This residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (10:90)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a 50-ml stainless-steel autoclave were introduced 15 mg of the rhodium complex synthesized in Example 3 (containing 0.0031 mmol of rhodium), 0.71 ml (6.20 mmol) of styrene, and 0.35 ml of benzene. The contents were stirred at 60° C. for 40 hours in an atmosphere of 50-atm carbon monoxide and 50-atm hydrogen. A small portion of the reaction mixture was taken out and filtered to remove the catalyst. This reaction mixture was analyzed by 1H NMR spectrometry to determine the conversion. As a result, the conversion was found to be 97%. The proportion of the α-methylphenylacetaldehyde to dihydrocinnamaldehyde yielded (position selectivity) was 94:6. These reaction products were converted to carboxylic acids by Jones oxidation, and then analyzed by GC using a chiral column (Chrompack Cp-Cyclodex β-236M) to determine the enantiomer excess. As a result, the enantiomer excess was found to be 82% ee. filtered to remove the catalyst

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of cyclohexylmagnesium chloride (50 mmol) in 25 mL of Et2O and 40 mL of THF at −5° C. was added a solution of 2-phenylpropanaldehyde (5.36 g, 40 mmol) in 10 mL of THF. The reaction mixture exothermed to 5° C. After stirring at room temperature for 75 min, the solution was poured onto ice cold 1 N HCl, extracted with toluene, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give the title compound as a colorless oil (6.15 g, 70%):1H NMR (d6-DMSO): δ 7.23-7.30 (m, 2H, phenyl CH), 7.15-7.22 (m, 3H, phenyl CH), 4.17-4.51 (br s, 1H, —OH), 3.23-3.33 (m, 1H, R2CHOH), 2.78 (dq, J=7.0 Hz, J=7.1 Hz, 1H, —CH(CH3)Ph), 1.23-1.83 (m, 6H, cyclohexyl CH), 1.20 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H, —CH(CH3)Ph), 0.88-1.18 (m, 5H, cyclohexyl CH). exothermed to 5° C the solution was poured onto ice cold 1 N HCl extracted with toluene dried over MgSO4 concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of cyclohexylmagnesium chloride (50 mmol) in 25 mL of Et2O and 40 mL of THF at −5° C. was added a solution of 2-phenylpropanaldehyde (5.36 g, 40 mmol) in 10 mL of THF. The reaction mixture exothermed to 5° C. After stirring at room temperature for 75 min, the solution was poured onto ice cold 1 N HCl, extracted with toluene, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give the title compound as a colorless oil (6.15 g, 70%):1H NMR (d6-DMSO): δ 7.23-7.30 (m, 2H, phenyl CH), 7.15-7.22 (m, 3H, phenyl CH), 4.17-4.51 (br s, 1H, —OH), 3.23-3.33 (m, 1H, R2CHOH), 2.78 (dq, J=7.0 Hz, J=7.1 Hz, 1H, —CH(CH3)Ph), 1.23-1.83 (m, 6H, cyclohexyl CH), 1.20 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H, —CH(CH3)Ph), 0.88-1.18 (m, 5H, cyclohexyl CH). exothermed to 5° C the solution was poured onto ice cold 1 N HCl extracted with toluene dried over MgSO4 concentrated