2-methylpropane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl 4-(3-carbamoyl-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate was prepared in 91% yield according to procedures described in Example 31 (Step A) substituting methyl 441-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate for methyl 4-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate (example 29). MS (ESI) 402 (M+H-tBu).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In accordance with the invention, isobutane oxidate comprised of both tertiary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is reacted in the presence of a water soluble acid catalyst under conditions effective to form ditertiary butyl peroxide. The reaction mixture is phase separated in order to separately recover an aqueous phase containing tertiary butyl alcohol and the acid catalyst and an organic phase containing ditertiary butyl peroxide. The aqueous phase is distilled in order to recover tertiary butyl alcohol overhead and also to separate any water produced during the reaction or introduced in the reaction feed streams, and a concentrated aqueous acid stream is recovered and recycled to the peroxide-forming reaction. The organic phase containing product ditertiary butyl peroxide is then subjected to a series of separation steps including a water extraction step in order to recover product ditertiary butyl peroxide as well as such tertiary butyl alcohol as is contained in the organic phase.

Conditions: temp:25.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 10 mL round-bottomed flask, (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate dicyclohexylammonium salt (300 mg, 604 μmol, Eq: 1.00) was combined with dry THF (2 mL) to give a white suspension. LiOH hydrate (38.4 mg, 905 μmol, Eq: 1.50) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at 25° C. Then Me2SO4 (80.1 mg, 60.7 μL, 604 μmol, Eq: 1.00) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 2 h. After that the mixture was stirred for 18 h at 50° C. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and extracted with AcOEt (2×). The organic layers were combined and washed with brine (1×). The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 20 g, n-heptane/AcOEt 4/1, 3/1) to yield a colorless oil (132 mg; 66%). m/z=330.2 [M+H]+; 274.1 [M+H-tBu]+; 230.2 [M+H-Boc]+. to give a white suspension The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. stirred for 2 h After that the mixture was stirred for 18 h at 50° C The crude reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo The reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution extracted with AcOEt (2×) washed with brine (1×) The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 concentrated in vacuo The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 20 g, n-heptane/AcOEt 4/1, 3/1) to yield a colorless oil (132 mg; 66%)

Conditions: temp:280.02; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The oxidation zone is in a pressurized reactor which is partially filled with a liquid reaction mixture comprising 5 ppm of soluble molybdenum catalyst. The liquid reaction mixture can be deemed to be about 66% isobutane and about 34% of a liquid mixture of oxidate, comprising products and byproducts. Fresh isobutane is injected and recycle isobutane is injected into the liquid reaction mixture. An oxygen-containing gas is injected into the liquid reaction mixture. The reactor is maintained at 700 psig and at 280° F. The average residence time for the isobutane in the reactor is about 4 hours, and the extent of conversion of the isobutane is about 34%. The yields of byproducts and products from such oxidation of isobutane correspond to about 66% tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), about 22% tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), about 6% acetone, about 6% of a mixture comprising about 2% water, about 1.5% methanol and minor amounts of related components. About 1% of the isobutane is converted to carbon dioxide with a measurable amount of carbon monoxide. The oxidation zone is in a pressurized reactor The liquid reaction mixture is injected into the liquid reaction mixture is injected into the liquid reaction mixture

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except for using 150 ml of spent BB (composition: isobutene 47.3%, isobutane 2.2%, n-butane 8.9%, butene-1 27.6%, trans-2-butene 8.8%, cis-2-butene 4.4% and butadiene 0.87%) as a isobutene source in place of isobutene. Conversion of paraformaldehyde was 97.0 mole%. There were obtained 62.0 mole% of 3-methyl-3-butene-1-ol and 7.1 mole% of 3-methyl-2-butene-1-ol based on the paraformaldehyde reacted.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl 4-(3-carbamoyl-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate was prepared in 91% yield according to procedures described in Example 31 (Step A) substituting methyl 441-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate for methyl 4-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate (example 29). MS (ESI) 402 (M+H-tBu).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl 4-(3-carbamoyl-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate was prepared in 91% yield according to procedures described in Example 31 (Step A) substituting methyl 441-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate for methyl 4-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)-1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate (example 29). MS (ESI) 402 (M+H-tBu).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: An apparatus for the production of (meth)acrylic acid which is preferred according to the invention comprises the (meth)acrylic acid reactor and a quench absorber during the synthesis of (meth)acrylic acid by catalytic gaseous phase reaction of C4 starting compounds with oxygen. (Meth)acrylic acid may be obtained particularly preferably by catalytic gaseous phase oxidation of isobutene, isobutane, tert.-butanol, iso-butyraldehyde, methacrolein or meth-tert.-butylether. Further details on the production of (meth)acrylic acid are disclosed in EP 0 092 097 B1, EP 0 058 927 and EP 0 608 838.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: An apparatus for the production of (meth)acrylic acid which is preferred according to the invention comprises the (meth)acrylic acid reactor and a quench absorber during the synthesis of (meth)acrylic acid by catalytic gaseous phase reaction of C4 starting compounds with oxygen. (Meth)acrylic acid may be obtained particularly preferably by catalytic gaseous phase oxidation of isobutene, isobutane, tert.-butanol, iso-butyraldehyde, methacrolein or meth-tert.-butylether. Further details on the production of (meth)acrylic acid are disclosed in EP 0 092 097 B1, EP 0 058 927 and EP 0 608 838.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir: