1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 200 ml flask equipped with a stirrer was charged with 3.3 g of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene and then with 50 ml of an aqueous nitric acid solution having a specific gravity of 1.52. The weight ratio of the reaction material to the aqueous solution of nitric acid was 0.043. While vigorously stirring the resulting mixture at room temperature of about 20° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, they were reacted for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was thereafter added with water, followed by extraction with dichloromethane. After sufficient washing of the dichloromethane layer with water, the extract was analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, it was found that 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene was converted in its entirety to 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone, but no 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone was formed at all. A 200 ml flask equipped with a stirrer were reacted for 1 hour followed by extraction with dichloromethane After sufficient washing of the dichloromethane layer with water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Onto the p,p'-DDE obtained in Stage (b) 100 ml water is added, the mixture heated to 80° C.-85° C. and chlorine gas added over a period of 8-11 hours, until the concentration of p,p'-DDE drops to 0.2%. The upper aqueous phase is separated to afford 410 g p,p'-DDT, which was used directly in the next stage. the mixture heated to 80° C.-85° C. The upper aqueous phase is separated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 200 ml flask equipped with a stirrer was charged with 3.3 g of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene and then with 50 ml of an aqueous nitric acid solution having a specific gravity of 1.52. The weight ratio of the reaction material to the aqueous solution of nitric acid was 0.043. While vigorously stirring the resulting mixture at room temperature of about 20° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, they were reacted for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was thereafter added with water, followed by extraction with dichloromethane. After sufficient washing of the dichloromethane layer with water, the extract was analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, it was found that 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene was converted in its entirety to 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone, but no 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone was formed at all. A 200 ml flask equipped with a stirrer were reacted for 1 hour followed by extraction with dichloromethane After sufficient washing of the dichloromethane layer with water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Onto the p,p'-DDE obtained in Stage (b) 100 ml water is added, the mixture heated to 80° C.-85° C. and chlorine gas added over a period of 8-11 hours, until the concentration of p,p'-DDE drops to 0.2%. The upper aqueous phase is separated to afford 410 g p,p'-DDT, which was used directly in the next stage. the mixture heated to 80° C.-85° C. The upper aqueous phase is separated