3-methylbutyl 4-oxopentanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the third experiment, a mixture of crystalline fructose (10 g) in isoamyl alcohol (40 mL) and concentrated H2SO4 (0.10 mL) was placed in a sealed Teflon-lined reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment via microwaves in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation. The sample was heated from room temperature to 160° C. in 3.5 min., and kept there for 10 min. using an irradiation power of 1000 Watts. The vessel was cooled. Analysis indicates a 55% molar yield of isoamyl HMF and 16% yield of isoamyl levulinate from fructose. reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment via microwaves in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation The sample was heated from room temperature to 160° C. in 3.5 min. The vessel was cooled

Conditions: temp:160.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the second experiment, a mixture of crystalline fructose (10 g) in isoamyl alcohol (40 mL) and concentrated H2SO4 (0.10 mL) was placed in a sealed Teflon-lined reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation. The sample was heated from room temperature via microwaves to 160° C. in 3 min., and kept there for 20 min. using an irradiation power of 1000 Watts. The vessel was cooled. Analysis indicates a 61% molar yield of isoamyl HMF and 27% yield of isoamyl levulinate from fructose. These same conditions, when performed with a conventional heating system, produced 33% molar yield of isoamyl HMF and 24% molar yield of isoamyl levulinate. reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation The vessel was cooled

Conditions: temp:200.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a first experiment, a mixture of crystalline fructose (10 g) in isoamyl alcohol (40 mL) and concentrated H2SO4 (0.10 mL) was placed in sealed a Teflon-lined reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation. The sample was heated from room temperature via microwaves to 200° C. in 3 min., and kept there for 3 min. using an irradiation power of 1000 Watts. The vessel was cooled. Analysis indicates a 59% molar yield of isoamyl HMF and 18% yield of isoamyl levulinate from fructose. reaction vessel inside a high-density rotor for treatment in a MicroSYNTH Microwave Labstation The vessel was cooled