3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Step A 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.2 g), potassium carbonate (4.6 g) and bis-(triphenylphosphine)-palladium chloride (0.2 g) is added to a solution of 3,5-dichlorophenylboronic acid in THF (20 ml) under nitrogen. After 3 hours at reflux, the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm) using heptane (150 ml) as eluant to yield 1,3-dichloro-5-(1-trifluoromethyl-vinyl)-benzene (2.7 g), as a colorless oil. MS (HPLC/MS): no ionisation Retention time: 5.10 min. After 3 hours at reflux the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml) The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl dried over Na2SO4 concentrated in vacuo The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-trifluoromethylvinyl 4-aminophenyl sulfone is prepared by the addition of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl iodide to 1,1,1-trifluoropropene followed by dehydrohalogenation and removal of the N-acetyl protective group by hydrolysis in a hydrochloric acid-ethanol mixture. The product is dissolved in acetone (25.1 g or 0.1 mol), an acetone solution of 0.1 mol (17.3 g) of ethylphosphorochloridate in acetone added, followed by 11.2 g of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in 10% acetone solution. The reaction mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature, filtered, most of the acetone evaporated, and the residue is mixed with chloroform, washed and worked up. There is thus obtained 4-diethoxyphosphoramidophenyl 2-trifluoromethylvinyl sulfone: ##SPC59## followed by dehydrohalogenation and removal of the N-acetyl protective group by hydrolysis in a hydrochloric acid-ethanol mixture filtered, most of the acetone evaporated the residue is mixed with chloroform washed

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-trifluoromethylvinyl 4-aminophenyl sulfone is prepared by the addition of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl iodide to 1,1,1-trifluoropropene followed by dehydrohalogenation and removal of the N-acetyl protective group by hydrolysis in a hydrochloric acid-ethanol mixture. The product is dissolved in acetone (25.1 g or 0.1 mol), an acetone solution of 0.1 mol (17.3 g) of ethylphosphorochloridate in acetone added, followed by 11.2 g of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in 10% acetone solution. The reaction mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature, filtered, most of the acetone evaporated, and the residue is mixed with chloroform, washed and worked up. There is thus obtained 4-diethoxyphosphoramidophenyl 2-trifluoromethylvinyl sulfone: ##SPC59## followed by dehydrohalogenation and removal of the N-acetyl protective group by hydrolysis in a hydrochloric acid-ethanol mixture filtered, most of the acetone evaporated the residue is mixed with chloroform washed

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.2 g), potassium carbonate (4.6 g) and bis-(triphenylphosphine)-palladium chloride (0.2 g) is added to a solution of 3,5-dichlorophenylboronic acid in THF (20 ml) under nitrogen. After 3 hours at reflux, the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm) using heptane (150 ml) as eluant to yield 1,3-dichloro-5-(1-trifluoromethyl-vinyl)-benzene (2.7 g), as a colorless oil. MS (HPLC/MS): no ionisation. Retention time: 5.10 min. After 3 hours at reflux the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml) The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl dried over Na2SO4 concentrated in vacuo The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.2 g), potassium carbonate (4.6 g) and bis-(triphenylphosphine)-palladium chloride (0.2 g) is added to a solution of 3,5-dichlorophenylboronic acid in THF (20 ml) under nitrogen. After 3 hours at reflux, the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm) using heptane (150 ml) as eluant to yield 1,3-dichloro-5-(1-trifluoromethyl-vinyl)-benzene (2.7 g), as a colorless oil. MS (HPLC/MS): no ionisation. Retention time: 5.10 min. After 3 hours at reflux the reaction is quenched with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml) The organic phase is then extracted with water and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl dried over Na2SO4 concentrated in vacuo The crude product is purified on silica gel (35×45 mm)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 100 mL stainless steel Parr reactor was charged with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3.67 g, 34.6 mmol), toluene (30.26 g), and 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (V-70, 0.543 g, 1.76 mmol) and the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath, purged with nitrogen, and pressure checked. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.20 g, 33.3 mmol) was added via transfer cylinder and the reaction was allowed to warm to 20° C. After 24 hours, the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to decompose any remaining V-70 initiator. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation to provide the title compound (6.80 g, 77.5 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 5.27 g active, 76%, 200:1 linear:branched by GC, 40:1 linear:branched by fluorine NMR) the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath purged with nitrogen, and pressure the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to cool to room temperature The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask was charged with toluene (81 mL) and cooled to <−50° C. with a dry ice/acetone bath. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (10.28 g, 107.0 mmol) was bubbled into the solvent and the ice bath was removed. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (9.200 g, 86.70 mmol) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (1.070 g, 4.170 mmol) was added and the long wave light (366 nm, 4 watt UVP lamp) was turned on (Starting temperature: −24° C.). The reaction reached a temperature of 27.5° C. due to heat from the lamp. The reaction was stirred with the black light on for 4 hours. After 4 hours the black light was turned off and the reaction concentrated by rotary evaporation (41° C., 6 mm Hg) giving a pale yellow oil (18.09 g, 51:1 linear:branched isomer, 90 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 16.26 g active, 93%). The crude material was dissolved in 10% sodium hydroxide w/w (37.35 g) and was washed with toluene (30 mL) to remove non-polar impurities. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH ˜2-3 with hydrochloric acid (2 N, 47.81 g) and was extracted with toluene (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (40 mL) and dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated by rotary evaporation giving a pale yellow oil (14.15 g, 34:1 linear:branched isomer, 94 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 13.26 g active, 76%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 2.83 (td, J=7.1, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 2.76-2.64 (m, 4H), 2.47-2.30 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.68, 125.91 (q, J=277.1 Hz), 34.58 (q, J=28.8 Hz), 34.39, 26.63, 24.09 (q, J=3.3 Hz); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −66.49. cooled to <−50° C. with a dry ice/acetone bath the ice bath was removed was turned on (Starting temperature: −24° C.) a temperature of 27.5° C. to heat from the lamp After 4 hours the black light was turned off the reaction concentrated by rotary evaporation (41° C., 6 mm Hg) giving a pale yellow oil (18.09 g, 51:1 linear:branched isomer, 90 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 16.26 g active, 93%) was washed with toluene (30 mL) to remove non-polar impurities was extracted with toluene (50 mL) The organic layer was washed with water (40 mL) dried over magnesium sulfate filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation giving a pale yellow oil (14.15 g, 34:1 linear:branched isomer, 94 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 13.26 g active, 76%)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 100 mL stainless steel Parr reactor was charged with methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (4.15 g, 34.5 mmol), toluene (30.3 g), and 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (V-70, 0.531 g, 1.72 mmol) and the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath, purged with nitrogen, and pressure checked. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.40 g, 35.4 mmol) was added via transfer cylinder and the reaction was allowed to warm to 20° C. After 23 hours the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to decompose any remaining V-70 initiator. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. The solution was concentrated to provide the title compound (7.01 g, 66%, 70.3 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 4.93 g active, 66%, 24:1 linear:branched by GC, 18:1 linear:branched by fluorine NMR). the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath purged with nitrogen, and pressure After 23 hours the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to cool to room temperature The solution was concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 500 mL three-neck round bottomed flask was charged with toluene (200 mL) and cooled to <−50° C. with a dry ice/acetone bath. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (21.8 g, 227 mmol) was condensed into the reaction by bubbling the gas through the cooled solvent and the ice bath was removed. Methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (26.8 g, 223 mmol) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (2.72 g, 10.61 mmol) were added and a UVP lamp (4 watt) that was placed within 2 centimeters of the glass wall was turned on to the long wave function (366 nanometers). The reaction reached 35° C. due to heat from the lamp. After 4 hours, all of the trifluoropropene was either consumed or boiled out of the reaction. The light was turned off and the reaction stirred at room temperature overnight. After 22 hours, more trifluoropropene (3.1 g) was bubbled through the mixture at room temperature and the light was turned on for an additional 2 hours. The reaction had reached 93% conversion, so no more trifluoropropene was added. The light was turned off and the mixture concentrated on the rotovap (40° C., 20 torr) giving a yellow liquid (45.7 g, 21.3:1 linear:branched isomer, 75 wt % pure linear isomer determined by a GC internal standard assay, 34.3 g active, 71% in pot yield). cooled to <−50° C. with a dry ice/acetone bath condensed into the reaction by bubbling the gas through the cooled solvent the ice bath was removed a UVP lamp (4 watt) that was placed within 2 centimeters of the glass wall reached 35° C. to heat from the lamp either consumed boiled out of the reaction After 22 hours more trifluoropropene (3.1 g) was bubbled through the mixture at room temperature was turned on for an additional 2 hours so no more trifluoropropene was added the mixture concentrated on the rotovap (40° C., 20 torr) giving a yellow liquid (45.7 g, 21.3:1 linear 71% in pot yield)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 100 mL stainless steel Parr reactor was charged with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3.67 g, 34.6 mmol), toluene (30.26 g), and 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (V-70, 0.543 g, 1.76 mmol) and the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath, purged with nitrogen, and pressure checked. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.20 g, 33.3 mmol) was added via transfer cylinder and the reaction was allowed to warm to 20° C. After 24 hours, the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to decompose any remaining V-70 initiator. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation to provide the title compound (6.80 g, 77.5 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 5.27 g active, 76%, 200:1 linear:branched by GC, 40:1 linear:branched by fluorine NMR). the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath purged with nitrogen, and pressure the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to cool to room temperature The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 100 mL stainless steel Parr reactor was charged with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3.67 g, 34.6 mmol), toluene (30.26 g), and 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (V-70, 0.543 g, 1.76 mmol) and the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath, purged with nitrogen, and pressure checked. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (3.20 g, 33.3 mmol) was added via transfer cylinder and the reaction was allowed to warm to 20° C. After 24 hours, the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to decompose any remaining V-70 initiator. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation to provide the title compound (6.80 g, 77.5 wt % linear isomer by GC internal standard assay, 5.27 g active, 76%, 200:1 linear:branched by GC, 40:1 linear:branched by fluorine NMR). the reactor was cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath purged with nitrogen, and pressure the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 1 hour to cool to room temperature The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation