5-chloropentanenitrile

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 100mmol of 5-chlorovaleronitrile are placed under an inert atmosphere in 100 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran on an ice bath. 445 mmol of sodium azide and then 100 mmol of aluminum chloride are then added in small fractions. The reaction mixture is heated to 80° C. and left under reflux, with stirring, for 16 hours. The complex formed is then hydrolyzed by addition, dropwise, of 150 cm3 of 5% hydrochloric acid. The resulting aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate and after washing the organic phase with water, then with a saturated sodium chloride solution, drying and evaporation, the residue obtained is taken up in pentane. The expected product is then obtained after filtration of the precipitate formed. left under reflux The complex formed is then hydrolyzed by addition The resulting aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate after washing the organic phase with water with a saturated sodium chloride solution, drying evaporation the residue obtained

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-Chlorovaleronitrile (10 mmol), 20 mmol of piperidine, 20 mmol of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of potassium iodide in 50 ml of ethanol were refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue suspended in water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent (Yield: 59%). The product was added dropwise to a suspension of 25 mmol of lithium aluminium hydride in 25 ml of dry tetrahydrofurane at 0° C. After refluxing for 1 hour 10 ml of a saturated solution of sodium/potassium tartrate in water was added dropwise. The residue was filtered off and the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent. The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure extracted with methylene chloride The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel was added dropwise The residue was filtered off the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-Chlorovaleronitrile (10 mmol), 20 mmol of piperidine, 20 mmol of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of potassium iodide in 50 ml of ethanol were refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue suspended in water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent (Yield: 59%). The product was added dropwise to a suspension of 25 mmol of lithium aluminium hydride in 25 ml of dry tetrahydrofurane at 0° C. After refluxing for 1 hour 10 ml of a saturated solution of sodium/potassium tartrate in water was added dropwise. The residue was filtered off and the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent. The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure extracted with methylene chloride The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel was added dropwise The residue was filtered off the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium iodide (84 mg, 0.56 mmol) and then sodium hydride (80% oil dispersion, 0.49 g, 16.3 mmol) were added to (A) (2.68 g, 12.0 mmol) in dry DMF (40 mL). After stirring 15 min, 5-chlorovaleronitrile (1.5 mL, 13.3 mmol) was added, and the suspension heated at 80°-85° C. for 4 h under argon. After cooling, the reaction was quenched with H2O (100 mL), then extracted with ether (4×75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 100 mL each of 1% aqueous Na2SO3, H2O and brine and then concentrated to give 4.39 g crude product. Column chromatography with 4.5% EtOAc/CHCl3 produced 3.17 g of (B) (87% yield): NMR δ 1.5-1.75 (s+m, 13 H), 2.3 (t, 2 H), 3.4 (t, 2 H), 4.77 (s, 2 H), 7.3 (s, 5 H). Anal. Calcd for C17H24N2O3 : C, 67.08; H, 7.95; N, 9.20. Found: C, 67.19; H, 7.99; N, 9.11. the suspension heated at 80°-85° C. for 4 h under argon After cooling the reaction was quenched with H2O (100 mL) extracted with ether (4×75 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with 100 mL each of 1% aqueous Na2SO3, H2O and brine concentrated to give 4.39 g crude product

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-Chlorovaleronitrile (10 mmol), 20 mmol of piperidine, 20 mmol of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of potassium iodide in 50 ml of ethanol were refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue suspended in water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent (Yield: 59%). The product was added dropwise to a suspension of 25 mmol of lithium aluminium hydride in 25 ml of dry tetrahydrofurane at 0° C. After refluxing for 1 hour 10 ml of a saturated solution of sodium/potassium tartrate in water was added dropwise. The residue was filtered off and the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent. The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure extracted with methylene chloride The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel was added dropwise The residue was filtered off the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-Chlorovaleronitrile (10 mmol), 20 mmol of piperidine, 20 mmol of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of potassium iodide in 50 ml of ethanol were refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue suspended in water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent (Yield: 59%). The product was added dropwise to a suspension of 25 mmol of lithium aluminium hydride in 25 ml of dry tetrahydrofurane at 0° C. After refluxing for 1 hour 10 ml of a saturated solution of sodium/potassium tartrate in water was added dropwise. The residue was filtered off and the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride/methanol/aqueous ammonia (90/10/1) as eluent. The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure extracted with methylene chloride The organic layer was purified by column chromatography on silica gel was added dropwise The residue was filtered off the filtrate purified by column chromatography on silica gel The residue was crystallized with hydrochloric acid from diethyl ether/2-propanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The 5-chloropentanenitrile (5.68 g, 48.3 mmol) and thiourea (4.04 g, 53.1 mmol) are mixed in 40 ml of water. The mixture is heated to reflux for 3 to 4 hours. The reaction mixture is evaporated and 20 ml of ethanol are added and then evaporated as well. This is repeated three times. After that, 10 ml of methanol and 30 ml of acetone are added and the mixture is stirred for one hour. The crystalline material is filtered and the product is dried under high vacuum overnight to yield S-(4-cyanobutyl)isothiourea hydrochloride. The mixture is heated to reflux for 3 to 4 hours The reaction mixture is evaporated 20 ml of ethanol are added evaporated as well After that, 10 ml of methanol and 30 ml of acetone are added The crystalline material is filtered the product is dried under high vacuum overnight

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The 5-chloropentanenitrile (5.68 g, 48.3 mmol) and thiourea (4.04 g, 53.1 mmol) are mixed in 40 ml of water. The mixture is heated to reflux for 3 to 4 hours. The reaction mixture is evaporated and 20 ml of ethanol are added and then evaporated as well. This is repeated three times. After that, 10 ml of methanol and 30 ml of acetone are added and the mixture is stirred for one hour. The crystalline material is filtered and the product is dried under high vacuum overnight to yield S-(4-cyanobutyl)isothiourea hydrochloride. The mixture is heated to reflux for 3 to 4 hours The reaction mixture is evaporated 20 ml of ethanol are added evaporated as well After that, 10 ml of methanol and 30 ml of acetone are added The crystalline material is filtered the product is dried under high vacuum overnight

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir: