(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Cochleates containing OVA were prepared from unilamellar liposomes comprising a 9:1 mixture (w/w) of synthetic ester lipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] sodium salt (DOPS lyophilized powder; obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc.; Alabaster, Ala., USA; MW of 810.04; cat #830035P, Lot #181PS-214) and cholesterol (Sigma Chemical Co.; Cat # C8667), by the standard cochleate method of direct addition of CaCl2 as described (Gould-Fogerite and Mannino, 1993). Briefly, a dried film of 20 mg mixture of the DOPS-cholesterol was hydrated in 1 ml of OVA stock solution (10 mg OVA/ml water) and converted to unilamellar liposomes by bath sonication, by avoiding exposure to air as described (Jin et al., 2000). Ten microliter aliquots of 0.1 M CaCl2 stock solution were added to the liposome suspension with mixing in between each addition, till the total concentration of calcium ions equaled to one half the molar concentration of DOPS constituting the liposomes, and then additional CaCl2 was added to achieve a 3 mM excess over that already added, as described (Gould-Fogerite and Mannino, 1993). Cochleates containing OVA were prepared from unilamellar liposomes converted to unilamellar liposomes by bath sonication the molar concentration of DOPS constituting the liposomes additional CaCl2 was added that already added

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 3-β-[N(N′,N′,N′-trimethylethane)carbamoyl]cholesterol (TC-Chol), a quaternary ammonium derivative of Chol, was synthesized by methylation of DC-Chol with iodomethane.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: More specifically, cultured J774 cells were plated on a 24F culture plate containing a serum-free RPMI 1640 medium so as to account for 1×106 cells/well. Added to the cells were [14C]oleic acid, delipidized BAS (bovine serum albumin), reconstituted ribosome (0.3M glucose solution containing cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine at a weight ratio of 2:1) and 25-hydroxycholesterol to culture the cells for 4 hours at 37° C. under 5% CO2. After the culturing, the cultured cells were disrupted with a 1% SDS (sodium lauryl sulfate) solution, and the lipid in the disrupted solution was extracted with hexane. The extract was dried to solid under reduced pressure. After the resultant residue was then developed (developing solvent: diethyl ether/hexane/acetic acid=80/20/1) by TLC (thin-layer chromatography), the amount of cholesteryl oleate formed was determined by an imaging plate. containing a serum-free RPMI 1640 medium so as Added to the cells the lipid in the disrupted solution was extracted with hexane The extract was dried to solid under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Cholesterol, (25 g, 64.6 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of dimethylaniline (78.9 mmol) and 5 ml of chloroform. While stirring on ice; small quantities of thionyl bromide (6 ml, 77.6 mmol) dissolved in 20 ml of cold chloroform was added slowly over a period of 15 minutes. After the addition of thionyl bromide was complete, the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting solution was poured into 200 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol and left on ice for 2 hour until crystallization was complete. The product was filtered and washed with 25 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol. A small amount of product was recovered from the filtrate with the addition of 75 ml distilled water followed by refrigeration. Finally, the product was recrystallized from 120 ml of acetone giving 21.8 g of cholesteryl bromide (yield, 75%) with a melting point of 93-95° C. (lit 97-98° C.). The identity of the product was confirmed with mass spectrometry (EI) which showed an intense peak with an m/z of 448, corresponding to the molecular ion (M+°) of cholesteryl bromide. Also, the bromide molecular weight pattern characteristic of the two different isotopes of bromine (79Br:81-Br,1:1) was observed. was added slowly over a period of 15 minutes the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours at room temperature The product was filtered washed with 25 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol A small amount of product was recovered from the filtrate with the addition of 75 ml distilled water Finally, the product was recrystallized from 120 ml of acetone giving 21.8 g of cholesteryl bromide (yield, 75%) with a melting point of 93-95° C. (lit 97-98° C.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Cholesterol, (25 g, 64.6 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of dimethylaniline (78.9 mmol) and 5 ml of chloroform. While stirring on ice; small quantities of thionyl bromide (6 ml, 77.6 mmol) dissolved in 20 ml of cold chloroform was added slowly over a period of 15 minutes. After the addition of thionyl bromide was complete, the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting solution was poured into 200 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol and left on ice for 2 hour until crystallization was complete. The product was filtered and washed with 25 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol. A small amount of product was recovered from the filtrate with the addition of 75 ml distilled water followed by refrigeration. Finally, the product was recrystallized from 120 ml of acetone giving 21.8 g of cholesteryl bromide (yield, 75%) with a melting point of 93-95° C. (lit 97-98° C.). The identity of the product was confirmed with mass spectrometry (EI) which showed an intense peak with an m/z of 448, corresponding to the molecular ion (M+°) of cholesteryl bromide. Also, the bromide molecular weight pattern characteristic of the two different isotopes of bromine (79Br:81-Br,1:1) was observed. was added slowly over a period of 15 minutes the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours at room temperature The product was filtered washed with 25 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol A small amount of product was recovered from the filtrate with the addition of 75 ml distilled water Finally, the product was recrystallized from 120 ml of acetone giving 21.8 g of cholesteryl bromide (yield, 75%) with a melting point of 93-95° C. (lit 97-98° C.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Therefore, the invention provides a liposome formulation of compound BBR 2778 consisting of liposomes comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and BBR 2778, in a cholesterol/phospholipide 1:2 to 1:7 weight ratio and in a BBR 2778/phospholipide 1:4 to 1:25 weight ratio. Phosphatidylcholine preferably includes residues of fatty acids selected from palmitic, oleic, linoleic, gamma-linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids, and the liposome is formed by a mixture of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholines, having the fatty acids composition indicated, in a 1:2 to 2:1 ratio, more preferably said mixture consists of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine having melting point of 120° C. and crystallization point of 90° C., and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine having a thermogram as reported in FIG. 5. The hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholines, having the above-indicated composition, are commercially available respectively under the name PHOSPHOLIPON® 90 H and PHOSPHOLIPON® 90.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Therefore, the invention provides a liposome formulation of compound BBR 2778 consisting of liposomes comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and BBR 2778, in a cholesterol/phospholipide 1:2 to 1:7 weight ratio and in a BBR 2778/phospholipide 1:4 to 1:25 weight ratio. Phosphatidylcholine preferably includes residues of fatty acids selected from palmitic, oleic, linoleic, gamma-linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids, and the liposome is formed by a mixture of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholines, having the fatty acids composition indicated, in a 1:2 to 2:1 ratio, more preferably said mixture consists of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine having melting point of 120° C. and crystallization point of 90° C., and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine having a thermogram as reported in FIG. 5. The hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholines, having the above-indicated composition, are commercially available respectively under the name PHOSPHOLIPON® 90 H and PHOSPHOLIPON® 90.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: After induction, the cultures were harvested by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm for ten minutes at 4° C. The cells were then resuspended in 1/100 volume of buffer A (100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.5% sodium cholate, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT and 0.5 mM PMSF). The cells were then lysed in buffer A with 200 μg/ml lysozyme. The supernatant was collected after spinning down the total lysate at 100,000×g for one (1) hour at 4° C. The pellet was resuspended thoroughly in the same buffer and centrifuged again. Both supernatants were combined and stored on ice overnight after the addition of 100 units of DNaseI. The clear lysate was then applied to an Octylamino Sepharose 4B column (2.6×15 cm). This column was washed and eluted with the same buffer. The eluted fractions were dialyzed against buffer B (10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.2% sodium cholate, 0.2% Emulgen 911, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.05 mM DTT, 0.5 mM phenyl methyl sufonyl fluoride (PMSF)), applied to a hydroxyapatite column (2.4×7 cm) and equilibrated with the same buffer. This column was then washed with 200 ml of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, then with 150 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer and then eluted with 300 ml of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer. These three buffers also contained 20% glycerol, 0.3% sodium cholate, 0.05 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT and 0.5 mM PMSF. The purified sample was brought to 0.2% Emulgen 911 and then dialyzed against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM PMSF and 0.2% Emulgen 911 (buffer C). The sample was then applied to a second hydroxylapatite column (0.5×3.0 cm) equilibrated with buffer C and eluted with buffer C but containing 360 mM potassium phosphate. At this stage, the purity of the human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After induction, the cultures were harvested by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm for ten minutes at 4° C The supernatant was collected after spinning down the total lysate at 100,000×g for one (1) hour at 4° C stored on ice overnight after the addition of 100 units of DNaseI This column was washed eluted with the same buffer The eluted fractions were dialyzed against buffer B (10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.2% sodium cholate, 0.2% Emulgen 911, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.05 mM DTT, 0.5 mM phenyl methyl sufonyl fluoride (PMSF)) This column was then washed with 200 ml of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer with 150 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer and then eluted with 300 ml of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer dialyzed against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM PMSF and 0.2% Emulgen 911 (buffer C) eluted with buffer C containing 360 mM potassium phosphate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: After induction, the cultures were harvested by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm for ten minutes at 4° C. The cells were then resuspended in 1/100 volume of buffer A (100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.5% sodium cholate, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT and 0.5 mM PMSF). The cells were then lysed in buffer A with 200 μg/ml lysozyme. The supernatant was collected after spinning down the total lysate at 100,000×g for one (1) hour at 4° C. The pellet was resuspended thoroughly in the same buffer and centrifuged again. Both supernatants were combined and stored on ice overnight after the addition of 100 units of DNaseI. The clear lysate was then applied to an Octylamino Sepharose 4B column (2.6×15 cm). This column was washed and eluted with the same buffer. The eluted fractions were dialyzed against buffer B (10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.2% sodium cholate, 0.2% Emulgen 911, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.05 mM DTT, 0.5 mM phenyl methyl sufonyl fluoride (PMSF)), applied to a hydroxyapatite column (2.4×7 cm) and equilibrated with the same buffer. This column was then washed with 200 ml of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, then with 150 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer and then eluted with 300 ml of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer. These three buffers also contained 20% glycerol, 0.3% sodium cholate, 0.05 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT and 0.5 mM PMSF. The purified sample was brought to 0.2% Emulgen 911 and then dialyzed against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM PMSF and 0.2% Emulgen 911 (buffer C). The sample was then applied to a second hydroxylapatite column (0.5×3.0 cm) equilibrated with buffer C and eluted with buffer C but containing 360 mM potassium phosphate. At this stage, the purity of the human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After induction, the cultures were harvested by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm for ten minutes at 4° C The supernatant was collected after spinning down the total lysate at 100,000×g for one (1) hour at 4° C stored on ice overnight after the addition of 100 units of DNaseI This column was washed eluted with the same buffer The eluted fractions were dialyzed against buffer B (10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.2% sodium cholate, 0.2% Emulgen 911, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.05 mM DTT, 0.5 mM phenyl methyl sufonyl fluoride (PMSF)) This column was then washed with 200 ml of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer with 150 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer and then eluted with 300 ml of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer dialyzed against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM PMSF and 0.2% Emulgen 911 (buffer C) eluted with buffer C containing 360 mM potassium phosphate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Vesicle-forming lipids containing PEG-PE, PG, PHEPC, and cholesterol and α-TC in a mole ratio of 0.15: 0.3: 1.85: 1: 0.2 were dissolved in chloroform to a final lipid concentration of 25 μmol phospholipid/ml. The lipid mixture was dried into a thin film under reduced pressure. The film was hydrated with a solution of 0.125 M ammonium sulfate to form MLVs. The MLV suspension was frozen in a dry ice acetone bath and thawed three times and sized to 80-100 nm by extrusion as detailed above. An ammonium ion gradient was created substantially as described in Example 10. The liposomes were loaded with epirubicin, and free (unbound drug) removed also as described in Example 10 for doxorubicin. The final concentration of entrapped drug was about 50-100 μg drug/μmol lipid. Epirubicin HCl and doxorubicin HCL, the commercial products, were obtained from the hospital pharmacy. Vesicle-forming lipids The lipid mixture was dried into a thin film under reduced pressure to form MLVs The MLV suspension was frozen in a dry ice acetone bath removed also

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Vesicle-forming lipids containing PEG-PE, PG, PHEPC, and cholesterol and α-TC in a mole ratio of 0.15: 0.3: 1.85: 1: 0.2 were dissolved in chloroform to a final lipid concentration of 25 μmol phospholipid/ml. The lipid mixture was dried into a thin film under reduced pressure. The film was hydrated with a solution of 0.125 M ammonium sulfate to form MLVs. The MLV suspension was frozen in a dry ice acetone bath and thawed three times and sized to 80-100 nm by extrusion as detailed above. An ammonium ion gradient was created substantially as described in Example 10. The liposomes were loaded with epirubicin, and free (unbound drug) removed also as described in Example 10 for doxorubicin. The final concentration of entrapped drug was about 50-100 μg drug/μmol lipid. Epirubicin HCl and doxorubicin HCL, the commercial products, were obtained from the hospital pharmacy. Vesicle-forming lipids The lipid mixture was dried into a thin film under reduced pressure to form MLVs The MLV suspension was frozen in a dry ice acetone bath removed also

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The whole mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 90 minutes, then the reaction was terminated by adding 1 mM of 15%-KOH (a 95% ethanol solution), next 2 mg of cholesterol was added thereto, saponified at 75° C. for 1 hour, and cholesterol was extracted with petroleum ether, the extract was concentrated to dryness. To the residue thus obtained was added with 2.5 ml of a mixture of acetone-diethyl ether (1:1) and 2.5 ml of 1%-digitonin (a 50% ethanol solution), then this solution was allowed to stand for 1 hour in cooling condition by using ice-water to precipitate cholesterol. The precipitate was washed with acetone, a mixture of acetonediethyl ether (1:1) and diethyl ether in this order, then the radioactivity of the residue was measured by using a liquid scintillation counter. the reaction was terminated by adding 1 mM of 15%-KOH (a 95% ethanol solution), next 2 mg of cholesterol was added saponified at 75° C. for 1 hour cholesterol was extracted with petroleum ether the extract was concentrated to dryness To the residue thus obtained to stand for 1 hour in cooling condition to precipitate cholesterol The precipitate was washed with acetone a mixture of acetonediethyl ether (1:1) and diethyl ether in this order