1H-indol-2-amine

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenasae (IDO) with an N-terminal His tag was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. IDO catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the pyrrole ring of the indole nucleus of tryptophan to yield N′-formylkynurenine. The assays were performed at room temperature as described in the literature using 95 nM IDO and 2 mM D-Trp in the presence of 20 mM ascorbate, 5 μM methylene blue and 0.2 mg/mL catalase in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The initial reaction rates were recorded by continuously following the absorbance increase at 321 nm due to the formation of N′-formlylkynurenine (See: Sono, M., et al., 1980, J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1339-1345). were performed at room temperature The initial reaction rates increase at 321 nm due to the formation of N′-formlylkynurenine (See: Sono, M., et al., 1980, J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1339-1345)

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-Methyl-5-(nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonyloxy)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.480 g, 0.85 mmol, 1 eq, Example 52, Step A) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under Ar. Triethylamine (0.223 mL, 1.6 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added followed by the addition of copper (1) iodide (0.008 g, 0.04 mmol, 5 mol %), dichloropalladium (II) bis-diphenylphosphinoferrocene (0.016 g, 0.02 mmol, 2 mol %), and N,N-dimethylpropargylamine (0.184 mL, 1.6 mmol, 2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. and followed by TLC (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3). After 48 hours, the reaction was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3). The resulting product was contaminated with bis-alkyne side product, and was further purified using reverse-phase prep-HPLC 10%-1 00% Acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA. 0.070 g (18% yield) of the indole-amine was obtained as a brown semisolid: LC/MS (ESI+) 347 (M+1). chromatographed was further purified

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Crude 2-methyl-5-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, hydrochloride (0.040 g, 0.100 mmol, 1 eq, Example 47, Step A) was suspended in methanol (5 mL). Acetone (0.100 mL) was added followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (0.013 g, 0.2 mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction mixture was kept at pH 6 and stirred at room temperature. After 24 hours, the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, extracted several times with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, loaded on silica gel and chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3. 0.025 g (64% yield) of the indole-amine was obtained as a brown semisolid, and converted to the corresponding HCl salt: LC/MS (ESI+) 393 (M+1), Anal. (C24H28N2O3.HCl) C, H, N. the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate extracted several times with CH2Cl2 The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Crude 2-methyl-5-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, hydrochloride (0.040 g, 0.100 mmol, 1 eq, Example 47, Step A) was suspended in methanol (5 mL). Acetone (0.100 mL) was added followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (0.013 g, 0.2 mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction mixture was kept at pH 6 and stirred at room temperature. After 24 hours, the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, extracted several times with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, loaded on silica gel and chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3. 0.025 g (64% yield) of the indole-amine was obtained as a brown semisolid, and converted to the corresponding HCl salt: LC/MS (ESI+) 393 (M+1), Anal. (C24H28N2O3.HCl) C, H, N. the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate extracted several times with CH2Cl2 The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Crude 2-methyl-5-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, hydrochloride (0.075 g, 0.194 mmol, 1 eq) was suspended in methanol (5 mL). Acetaldehyde (0.028 mL, 0.5 mmol, 2.6 eq) was added followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (0.032 g, 0.5 mmol, 2.6 eq). The reaction mixture was kept at pH 6 and stirred at room temperature. After 24 hours, the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, extracted several times with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, loaded on silica gel and chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3). Impure product was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC 10-100% Acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA. 0.008 g (10% yield) of the indole-amine was obtained as a brown semisolid: LC/MS (ESI+) 379 (M+1), Anal. (C23H26N2O3.TFA.1.0H2O) C, H, N. the reaction was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate extracted several times with CH2Cl2 The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3) Impure product was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC 10-100% Acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Crude 2-methyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol (0.849 g, 5.94 mmol, 1 eq) was suspended in dry acetonitrile (30 mL) under Ar. Triethylamine (1.4 mL, 10 mmol, 1.7 eq) was added followed by the addition of toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.05 g, 5.50 mmol, 1.0 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After 4 hours, the reaction was treated with 2-methyl-3-benzyloxycarbonyl-5-hydroxyindole (1.5 g; 5.5 mmol, 1 eq) and potassium carbonate (1.38 g, 10 mmol, 1.7 eq.). The reaction was heated to reflux and followed by TLC (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3). After 23 hours, the reaction was loaded directly on silica gel and chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3). Impure product was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC 10-100% Acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA. 0.040 g (5% yield) of the indole-amine was obtained as a brown semisolid: LC/MS (ESI+) 407 (M+1), Anal. (C24H30N2O2.TFA.1.0H2O) C, H, N. After 4 hours The reaction was heated to reflux After 23 hours chromatographed (ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine 87/10/3) Impure product was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC 10-100% Acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-(2-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.300 g, 0.770 mmol, 1 eq, Example 56, Step D) was suspended in Dioxane (20 mL) under Ar. 4-Hydroxypiperidine (0.234 g, 2.320 mmol, 3 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 18 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. After removing the solvent, the residue was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1). 0.200 g (66%) of the indole-amine was obtained as a white solid. This was converted to the .HCl salt. LC/MS (ESI+) 393 (M+1); Anal. Calcd for C24H28N2O3.1HCl.0.4H2O: C, 66.09; H, 6.89; N, 6.42; Found: C, 66.18; H, 6.77; N, 6.30. heated to reflux for 18 hours Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic phases were washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 After removing the solvent chromatographed eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-(2-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.300 g, 0.770 mmol, 1 eq, Example 56, Step D) was suspended in Dioxane (20 mL) under Ar. 4-Hydroxypiperidine (0.234 g, 2.320 mmol, 3 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 18 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. After removing the solvent, the residue was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1). 0.200 g (66%) of the indole-amine was obtained as a white solid. This was converted to the .HCl salt. LC/MS (ESI+) 393 (M+1); Anal. Calcd for C24H28N2O3.1HCl.0.4H2O: C, 66.09; H, 6.89; N, 6.42; Found: C, 66.18; H, 6.77; N, 6.30. heated to reflux for 18 hours Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic phases were washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 After removing the solvent chromatographed eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-(2-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.300 g, 0.770 mmol, 1 eq, Example 56, Step D) was suspended in Dioxane (20 mL) under Ar. 3-(N-Acetyl-N-methylamino)-pyrrolidine (0.330 g, 2.320 mmol, 3 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 18 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. After removing the solvent, the residue was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1). 0.200 g (60%) of the indole-amine was obtained as a white solid. This was converted to the .HCl salt. LC/MS (ESI+) 434 (M+1); Anal. Calcd for C26H31N3O3.1HCl.1.25H2O: C, 63.40; H, 7.06; N, 8.53; Found: C, 63.51; H, 6.95; N, 8.30. heated to reflux for 18 hours Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic phases were washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 After removing the solvent chromatographed eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1)

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-(2-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.300 g, 0.770 mmol, 1 eq, Example 56, Step D) was suspended in DMF (5 mL) under Ar. K2CO3 (0.425 g, 3.080 mmol, 4 eq) was added followed by the addition of (1S,4S)-(+)-1-Aza-5-oxabicycle[2,2,1]-heptane hydrochloride (0.314 g, 2.320 mmol, 3 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. After removing the solvent, the residue was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1). 0.150 g (50%) of the indole-amine was obtained as a white solid. This was converted to the .HCl salt. LC/MS (ESI+) 391 (M+1); Anal. Calcd for C24H26N2O3.1HCl.0.90H2O: C, 65.05; H, 6.55; N, 6.32; Found: C, 65.05; H, 6.60; N, 6.13. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic phases were washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 After removing the solvent chromatographed eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1)

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 5-(2-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.300 g, 0.770 mmol, 1 eq, Example 56, Step D) was suspended in DMF (5 mL) under Ar. K2CO3 (0.425 g, 3.080 mmol, 4 eq) was added followed by the addition of (1S,4S)-(+)-1-Aza-5-oxabicycle[2,2,1]-heptane hydrochloride (0.314 g, 2.320 mmol, 3 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. After removing the solvent, the residue was loaded on silica gel and chromatographed, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1). 0.150 g (50%) of the indole-amine was obtained as a white solid. This was converted to the .HCl salt. LC/MS (ESI+) 391 (M+1); Anal. Calcd for C24H26N2O3.1HCl.0.90H2O: C, 65.05; H, 6.55; N, 6.32; Found: C, 65.05; H, 6.60; N, 6.13. Then the reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic phases were washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 After removing the solvent chromatographed eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol/triethyl amine (100/10/1)