2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 1.4 M solution of cyclopropylacetaldehyde in dichloromethane (prepared as described in Example 23a, 3.4 mL, 4.76 mmol) was added to a solution of (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (prepared as described in Example 6k, 580 mg, 3.17 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (15 mL) at 25° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 20 min, glacial acetic acid (0.6 mL) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C., sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.7 g, 7.93 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product, (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2-cyclopropyl-ethylamino)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (676.4 mg, 2.69 mmol, 84.9%), as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C15H25NO2 251.19, found 252.0 [M+H+]. the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution dried over sodium sulfate filtered The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde (1.00 g, 11.89 mmol, purchased from Beta Pharma, Inc., Branford, Conn.) in THF (15 mL) at 0° C. under N2 was added 2-pyridylmagnesium bromide (47.6 mL×0.25 M, purchased from Rieke Metals, Inc., Lincoln, Nebr.) dropwise over 15 min. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. after 30 min, allowed to warm to rt and stirred at rt for 3.5 hr. To the reaction mixture was added saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (5 mL) followed by water (15 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4. After removal of organic solvents, purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40-70% EtOAc/hexanes the title compound was obtained as a white solid. Mass Spectrum (ESI) m/z=164.1 (M+1). to warm to rt stirred at rt for 3.5 hr The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 After removal of organic solvents, purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40-70% EtOAc/hexanes the title compound was obtained as a white solid

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 1.4 M solution of cyclopropylacetaldehyde in dichloromethane (prepared as described in Example 23a, 3.4 mL, 4.76 mmol) was added to a solution of (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (prepared as described in Example 6k, 580 mg, 3.17 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (15 mL) at 25° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 20 min, glacial acetic acid (0.6 mL) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C., sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.7 g, 7.93 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product, (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2-cyclopropyl-ethylamino)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (676.4 mg, 2.69 mmol, 84.9%), as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C15H25NO2 251.19. found 252.0 [M+H+]. the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution dried over sodium sulfate filtered The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde (1.00 g, 11.89 mmol, purchased from Beta Pharma, Inc., Branford, Conn.) in THF (15 mL) at 0° C. under N2 was added 2-pyridylmagnesium bromide (47.6 mL×0.25 M, purchased from Rieke Metals, Inc., Lincoln, Nebr.) dropwise over 15 min. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. after 30 min, allowed to warm to rt and stirred at rt for 3.5 hr. To the reaction mixture was added saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (5 mL) followed by water (15 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4. After removal of organic solvents, purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40-70% EtOAc/hexanes the title compound was obtained as a white solid. Mass Spectrum (ESI) m/z=164.1 (M+1). to warm to rt stirred at rt for 3.5 hr The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 After removal of organic solvents, purification of the residue by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40-70% EtOAc/hexanes the title compound was obtained as a white solid

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 4-chloro-2-fluoro-benzyl cyanide (Oakwood) (3.39 g, 20.0 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetaldehyde (Aldrich) (1.68.0 g, 20.0 mmol) in iPrOH (25 mL) was added 2 N NaOH (2.0 mL) dropwise at rt and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the organic layer was separated, washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was dried overnight under reduced pressure to afford (Z)-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-but-2-enenitrile (2.36 g, 50.0%) as a colorless oil which was used in the next step without further purification. the organic layer was separated washed with water, brine dried over Na2SO4 concentrated The residue was dried overnight under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 4-chloro-2-fluoro-benzyl cyanide (Oakwood) (3.39 g, 20.0 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetaldehyde (Aldrich) (1.68.0 g, 20.0 mmol) in iPrOH (25 mL) was added 2 N NaOH (2.0 mL) dropwise at rt and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the organic layer was separated, washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was dried overnight under reduced pressure to afford (Z)-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-but-2-enenitrile (2.36 g, 50.0%) as a colorless oil which was used in the next step without further purification. the organic layer was separated washed with water, brine dried over Na2SO4 concentrated The residue was dried overnight under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 1.4 M solution of cyclopropylacetaldehyde in dichloromethane (prepared as described in Example 23a, 3.4 mL, 4.76 mmol) was added to a solution of (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (prepared as described in Example 6k, 580 mg, 3.17 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (15 mL) at 25° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 20 min, glacial acetic acid (0.6 mL) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C., sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.7 g, 7.93 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product, (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-(2-cyclopropyl-ethylamino)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (676.4 mg, 2.69 mmol, 84.9%), as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) calcd for C15H25NO2 251.19, found 252.0 [M+H+]. the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 h The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL) was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous brine solution dried over sodium sulfate filtered The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo