(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 6-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)hexanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane: chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2 H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2 H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2 H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6 H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-oxo-5-azaundec-2-enedioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to about 60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane:chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane:chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-oxo-5-azaundec-2-enedioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to about 60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane:chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product. equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product. equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product. equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product. equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane: chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2 H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2 H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2 H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6 H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane: chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product: 1H NMR (CDCl3) maleimide protons 6.55 (s, 2 H), methylene adjacent to nitrogen 3.40 (t, 2 H), methylene adjacent to carbonyl 2.30 (t, 2 H), and remaining methylenes 1.05-1.85 (m, 6 H). equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a filtration pad (Celite 545, J. T. Baker, Jackson, Tenn.) to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from 2:1 hexane chloroform to give typical yields of 76-83 g (55-60%) with a melting point of 81°-85° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (Z)-4-Oxo-5-aza-2-undecendioic acid, 150.0 g (0.654 moles), acetic anhydride, 68 ml (73.5 g, 0.721 moles), and phenothiazine, 500 mg, were added to a 2 liter three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer. Triethylamine, 91 ml (0.653 moles), and 600 ml of THF were added and the mixture was heated to reflux while stirring. After a total of 4 hours of reflux, the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. and poured into a solution of 250 ml of 12 N HCl in 3 liters of water. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine to prevent polymerization, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76–83 g (55–60%) with a melting point of 81–85° C. Analysis on a NMR spectrometer was consistent with the desired product. equipped with an overhead stirrer the mixture was heated to reflux After a total of 4 hours of reflux the dark mixture was cooled to <60° C. The mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature was filtered through a Celite 545 pad to remove solids The filtrate was extracted with 4×500 ml of chloroform the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate After adding 15 mg of phenothiazine polymerization the solvent was removed under reduced pressure The 6-maleimidohexanoic acid was recrystallized from hexane/chloroform (2/1) to give typical yields of 76–83 g (55–60%) with a melting point of 81–85° C