methyl propanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:-72.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a stirred solution of 3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-iodopyrazole (7.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (80 ml) at -78° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen was added, at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mixture did not exceed -71° C., n-butyllithium (8 ml of a 2.5M solution in hexanes). A solution of methyl propionate (3.2 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was then added at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mixture did not exceed -72° C. Upon completion of the addition the mixture was stirred at -72° C. and then allowed to warm to room temperature over a period of 1.5 hours. After stirring overnight at room temperature water (100 ml) was added and the mixture extracted twice with ethyl acetate (200 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give a brown gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (500 g) eluted with dichloromethane. Combination and evaporation of suitable fractions gave a brown solid which was further purified by column chromatography on silica gel (60 g) eluted with dichloromethane. Combination and evaporation of suitable fractions gave the title compound as a pale yellow solid, m.p. 143° C. did not exceed -71° C. did not exceed -72° C Upon completion of the addition the mixture to warm to room temperature over a period of 1.5 hours was added the mixture extracted twice with ethyl acetate (200 ml) The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) evaporated to give a brown gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (500 g) eluted with dichloromethane Combination and evaporation of suitable fractions gave a brown solid which was further purified by column chromatography on silica gel (60 g) eluted with dichloromethane Combination and evaporation of suitable fractions

Conditions: temp:110.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 250 ml stainless steel, magnetically stirred autoclave was filled with 0.1 mmol palladium(II)acetate, 5 mmol bisphenyl(2-pyridyl)phosphine, 4 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 40 ml (500 mmol) pyridine, 20 ml methanol and 5 g paraformaldehyde. Air was then evacuated from autoclave, and then carbon monoxide (30 bar) and ethene (20 bar) were added. The autoclave was then sealed and heated to a temperature of 110° C. After a reaction time of 5 hours, a sample of the contents of the autoclave was withdrawn and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Two products were found; methoxymethylpropionate, which had been formed with a selectivity of 10%, and methylpropionate, which had been formed with a selectivity of 90%. The mean reaction rate was calculated to be 200 mol ethene/gram atom Pd/hour. Air was then evacuated from autoclave carbon monoxide (30 bar) and ethene (20 bar) were added The autoclave was then sealed After a reaction time of 5 hours, a sample of the contents of the autoclave was withdrawn

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:110.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 250 ml stainless steel, magnetically stirred autoclave was filled with 0.1 mmol palladium(II)acetate, 5 mmol bisphenyl(2-pyridyl)phosphine, 4 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 40 ml (500 mmol) pyridine, 20 ml methanol and 5 g paraformaldehyde. Air was then evacuated from the autoclave, and then carbon monoxide (30 bar) and ethene (20 bar) were added. The autoclave was then sealed and heated to a temperature of 110° C. After a reaction time of 5 hours, a sample of the contents of the autoclave was withdrawn and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Two products were found; methoxymethylpropionate, which had been formed with a selectivity of 10%, and methylpropionate, which had been formed with a selectivity of 90%. The mean reaction rate was calculated to be 200 mol ethene/gram atom Pd/hour. Air was then evacuated from the autoclave carbon monoxide (30 bar) and ethene (20 bar) were added The autoclave was then sealed After a reaction time of 5 hours, a sample of the contents of the autoclave was withdrawn

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: With stirring, 113.79 g (1.02 mol) of 3-aminocyclohex-2-en-1-one and 114.37 ml (1.19 mol) of methyl propionate were heated at 105° C. for 1 hour. The dark homogeneous solution formed was then slowly heated further to 170° C. After 20 min (temperature: 135° C.), a viscous material formed, and there was a marked evolution of gas. After a further 15 min (temperature: 160° C.), the reaction material became even more viscous while the evolution of gas subsided. After a total of 42 min, a temperature of 170° C. had been reached. After a further 13 min at this temperature, the reaction material was cooled to room temperature. 200 ml of dichloromethane were then added, the mixture was heated briefly and placed into an ultrasonic bath and the crystalline residue formed was filtered off. This procedure was repeated once more with a further 200 ml of dichloromethane. The crystalline residues obtained in this manner were combined, taken up in 1.6 liters of methanol and then heated with stirring until the solid had dissolved completely. This solution was then slowly cooled to room temperature and then stored in a fridge at about 4° C. for 2 days. The crystalline precipitate was filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 47.65 g (0.29 mol, 29% of theory) of the target product. The dark homogeneous solution formed slowly heated further to 170° C a viscous material formed After a further 15 min (temperature: 160° C.) After a total of 42 min a temperature of 170° C. After a further 13 min at this temperature the mixture was heated briefly placed into an ultrasonic bath the crystalline residue formed was filtered off The crystalline residues obtained in this manner heated with stirring until the solid had dissolved completely This solution was then slowly cooled to room temperature stored in a fridge at about 4° C. for 2 days The crystalline precipitate was filtered off dried under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: With stirring, 113.79 g (1.02 mol) of 3-aminocyclohex-2-en-1-one and 114.37 ml (1.19 mol) of methyl propionate were heated at 105° C. for 1 hour. The dark homogeneous solution formed was then slowly heated further to 170° C. After 20 min (temperature: 135° C.), a viscous material formed, and there was a marked evolution of gas. After a further 15 min (temperature: 160° C.), the reaction material became even more viscous while the evolution of gas subsided. After a total of 42 min, a temperature of 170° C. had been reached. After a further 13 min at this temperature, the reaction material was cooled to room temperature. 200 ml of dichloromethane were then added, the mixture was heated briefly and placed into an ultrasonic bath and the crystalline residue formed was filtered off. This procedure was repeated once more with a further 200 ml of dichloromethane. The crystalline residues obtained in this manner were combined, taken up in 1.6 liters of methanol and then heated with stirring until the solid had dissolved completely. This solution was then slowly cooled to room temperature and then stored in a fridge at about 4° C. for 2 days. The crystalline precipitate was filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 47.65 g (0.29 mol, 29% of theory) of the target product. The dark homogeneous solution formed slowly heated further to 170° C a viscous material formed After a further 15 min (temperature: 160° C.) After a total of 42 min a temperature of 170° C. After a further 13 min at this temperature the mixture was heated briefly placed into an ultrasonic bath the crystalline residue formed was filtered off The crystalline residues obtained in this manner heated with stirring until the solid had dissolved completely This solution was then slowly cooled to room temperature stored in a fridge at about 4° C. for 2 days The crystalline precipitate was filtered off dried under reduced pressure