1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a stirred solution of (R)-2-(1-chloro-3-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)oxirane (340 mg, 1.56 mmol) and 2-trifluoromethyl-2-propanol (4.3 mL, 38.97 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (4.3 mL), boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (1.9 mL, 15.60 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at 0° C. and allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and then diluted with CH2Cl2. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give 2-(1-chloro-3-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)-2-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yloxy)ethanol. 1H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl3) δ 8.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.49 (m, 3H), 5.90 (dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (dd, J=12.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.18 (br s, 1H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 3H). to warm to room temperature overnight The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 diluted with CH2Cl2 The organic phase was washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 filtered concentrated purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Add 2-trifluoromethyl-2-propanol (1.1 g, 8.3 mmol) slowly to a slurry of sodium hydride (202 mg, 60% mineral oil, washed with hexane) in HMPA (3 mL) under nitrogen. Stir the slurry for 15 min, then add 5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carbonitrile (510 mg, 4.2 mmol). Stir the slurry for 16 h at ambient temperature. Adjust the mixture to pH 9 with sodium carbonate then extract with diethyl ether (3×50 mL). Collect the organic layer, dry over Na2SO4 and concentrate in vacuo. Purify by chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/EtOAc (95/5 to 80/20) to obtain the desired intermediate (768 mg, 79%). GC-MS m/z: 230 (Me). Stir the slurry for 16 h at ambient temperature then extract with diethyl ether (3×50 mL) Collect the organic layer dry over Na2SO4 concentrate in vacuo Purify by chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/EtOAc (95/5 to 80/20)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Add 2-trifluoromethyl-2-propanol (3.4 g, 27 mmol) slowly to a slurry of sodium hydride (0.6 g, 60% in mineral oil, washed with hexane) in HMPA (5 mL) under nitrogen. Stir the slurry for 15 min and add a solution of 4-nitrobenzonitrile (2.0 g, 13.5 mmol) in HMPA (10 mL). Stir the resulting purple slurry at ambient temperature for 16 h, dilute with diethyl ether (100 mL) and wash with 5% aqueous HCl (30 mL). Separate the layers and extract the aqueous layer with diethyl ether (2×50 mL). Combine the organic extracts and concentrate in vacuo. Purify by chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/EtOAc (9:1 to 1:1) to obtain the desired intermediate (780 mg, 25%). GC-MS m/z: 229 (M+). Stir the resulting purple slurry at ambient temperature for 16 h wash with 5% aqueous HCl (30 mL) Separate the layers extract the aqueous layer with diethyl ether (2×50 mL) Combine the organic extracts and concentrate in vacuo Purify by chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/EtOAc (9:1 to 1:1)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Under inert atmosphere, a mixture of 1.02 g of (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-chloro-3-oxo-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate prepared by reaction of thionyl chloride and (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-cyclopropane-carboxylate and 9 ml of methylene chloride were stirred and 1.12 g of 1-methyl-1-trifluoromethyl-ethanol were added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature and was then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel and eluted with a 8--2 mixture of hexane-ethyl ether to obtain 250 mg of (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-oxo-3-(1-methoxy-1-trifluoromethylethoxy)-1-propenyl]-cyclopropane-carboxylate with a melting point of 59° C. and a specific rotation of [α]D20 =+57°±2° (c=0.4% in benzene). The mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature was then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluted with a 8--2 mixture of hexane-ethyl ether

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Under inert atmosphere, a mixture of 1.02 g of (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-chloro-3-oxo-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate prepared by reaction of thionyl chloride and (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-cyclopropane-carboxylate and 9 ml of methylene chloride were stirred and 1.12 g of 1-methyl-1-trifluoromethyl-ethanol were added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature and was then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel and eluted with a 8--2 mixture of hexane-ethyl ether to obtain 250 mg of (S)α-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl(1R,cis)2,2-dimethyl-3-[(Z)3-oxo-3-(1-methoxy-1-trifluoromethylethoxy)-1-propenyl]-cyclopropane-carboxylate with a melting point of 59° C. and a specific rotation of [α]D20 =+57°±2° (c=0.4% in benzene). The mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature was then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluted with a 8--2 mixture of hexane-ethyl ether

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 4-{[(5-chloro-6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)oxy]methyl}-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide (Example 23, 0.092 g, 0.233 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 mL) were added 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.120 g, 0.937 mmol) and caesium carbonate (0.305 g, 0.936 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a pressure vial for 16 hours. Then 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.120 g, 0.937 mmol) was added to the mixture and heated at 125° C. for another 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15.0 mL), washed with water (10.0 mL), aqueous citric solution (10%, 10.0 mL) and water (2×10.0 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was suspended in a mixture of heptane and acetone (8:2, 5.0 mL) and sonicated for 2 minutes. The mixture was filtered to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (0.023 g, 20%). heated at 125° C. for another 24 hours washed with water (10.0 mL), aqueous citric solution (10%, 10.0 mL) and water (2×10.0 mL) The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated in vacuo The resulting residue was suspended in a mixture of heptane and acetone (8:2, 5.0 mL) sonicated for 2 minutes The mixture was filtered

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 4-{[(5-chloro-6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)oxy]methyl}-2,5-difluoro-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide (Example 23, 0.092 g, 0.233 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 mL) were added 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.120 g, 0.937 mmol) and caesium carbonate (0.305 g, 0.936 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a pressure vial for 16 hours. Then 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.120 g, 0.937 mmol) was added to the mixture and heated at 125° C. for another 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15.0 mL), washed with water (10.0 mL), aqueous citric solution (10%, 10.0 mL) and water (2×10.0 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was suspended in a mixture of heptane and acetone (8:2, 5.0 mL) and sonicated for 2 minutes. The mixture was filtered to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (0.023 g, 20%). heated at 125° C. for another 24 hours washed with water (10.0 mL), aqueous citric solution (10%, 10.0 mL) and water (2×10.0 mL) The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated in vacuo The resulting residue was suspended in a mixture of heptane and acetone (8:2, 5.0 mL) sonicated for 2 minutes The mixture was filtered

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (1.0 g) in THF (30 ml) was added a 2M solution of n-butyl lithium in n-hexane (3.9 ml) and then 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (2.4 g) at −75° C. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-50% EtOAc/Hexane) to give 4-nitrophenyl 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl carbonate as a pale yellow oil. at −75° C washed with water dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated in vacuo The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-50% EtOAc/Hexane)