16-methylheptadecan-1-ol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a round bottom flask having a capacity of 1 liter and equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a dropping funnel, and a stirring means, 120 g of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution (60 g (1.5 mole) as pure sodium hydroxide), 68 g (0.25 mole) of isostearyl alcohol [5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl) octanol], 200 ml of n-hexane, and 2.51 g (0.0075 mole) of stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, were introduced in this order. The reaction mixture was kept at a reaction temperature of 25° C. in a water bath, and while vigorously stirring the mixture at a stirring speed of 400 r.p.m., 93 g (1 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise from the dropping funnel. It took about 1.5 hours for the addition of the epichlorohydrin, and the reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for about 8 hours at this temperature. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was treated in a usual manner, whereupon 67.9 g (yield: 83%) of isostearyl glycidyl ether (5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octyl glycidyl ether) was obtained. Into a round bottom flask having a capacity of 1 liter and equipped with a reflux condenser The reaction mixture was kept at a reaction temperature of 25° C. in a water bath After the completion of the reaction

Conditions: temp:275.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4770 g of isostearic acid isopropyl ester (Emery 2310 isostearic acid isopropyl ester, sold by Emery Industry Inc., U.S.A.) and 239 g of a copper-chromium catalyst (made by Nikki) are charged in an autoclave having a capacity of 20 liters. Hydrogen gas is then added under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 and the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 275° C. Hydrogenation was carried out under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 at 275° C. for about 7 hours, and then the reaction product was cooled and the catalyst residue was removed by filtration, whereupon 3500 g of a crude product were obtained. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure thereby obtaining 3300 g of a colourless transparent isostearyl alcohol as a distillate at 80° to 167° C./0.6 mmHg. The isostearyl alcohol (methyl-branched stearyl alcohol) thus prepared had an acid value of 0.05, a saponification value of 5.5, and a hydroxyl value of 181.4. Absorption was observed at 3340 and 1055 cm-1 by IR (liquid film) and at δ3.50 (broad triplet, --CHH2 --OH) by NMR(CCl4). It has been found from gas-chromatography that the alcohol consists of a mixture which comprises about 75% of the main component having a total carbon number of 18 (the total of m and n being 15 in the formula II) and the rest being composed of components having a total carbon number of 14 or 16, and that, in any case, branched methyl groups are located in the vicinity of the center of the main alkyl chain. the reaction product was cooled the catalyst residue was removed by filtration, whereupon 3500 g of a crude product were obtained The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Isooctadecyl picolinate was prepared using the method of Example 7 from picolinic acid and isooctadecyl alcohol, the commercial material obtained from Farbwerke Hoechst AG and described in Example 8. The light brown, oily product of the reaction had an estimated purity of 93.5%.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Isooctadecyl nicotinate was prepared using the method of Example 7 from nicotinic acid and a commercial product, isooctadecyl alcohol, obtained from Farbwerke Hoechst AG. The product had an estimated purity 94.5%.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a piston front part (window side) in the variable-volume high-pressure cell, 0.143 g (0.386 mmol) of sodium isostearylsulfate (containing 13.9% of isostearyl alcohol as an impurity) obtained in Example 1 was charged and the apparatus was closed tightly, followed by drying the inside of the variable-volume high-pressure cell using a vacuum pump. Next, the temperature inside of the variable-volume high-pressure cell was set at 35° C. and into the piston front part of the variable-volume high-pressure cell, 20 g (sodium isostearylsulfate concentration (relative to carbon dioxide): 0.08% by mol) of carbon dioxide (manufactured by Nippon Ekitan Corporation; purity: 99.99% or more) was pressed. Then, the temperature inside of the variable-volume high-pressure cell was elevated to 75° C. and the pressure in the piston rear part of the variable-volume high-pressure cell was set to 37 MPa, followed by stirring the mixture in the variable-volume high-pressure cell to obtain a transparent and homogeneous sodium isostearylsulfate/carbon dioxide solution. Next, to the sodium isostearylsulfate/carbon dioxide solution, 40 μL of a 0.1% by weight sodium p-toluenesulfonate aqueous solution prepared by a method including: dissolving 0.0392 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 40 mL of water and neutralizing the resultant solution with sodium hydrogen carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.); utilizing a six-ports valve and a high pressure pump, was added as the marker solution and the resultant mixture was stirred. At the time when a homogeneous one liquid phase was obtained, an UV-Vis absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation; U-2810) through a pressure resistant spectrum cell (manufactured by L. TEX Corporation; light path length: 10 mm) having a quartz window that was connected to the apparatus. By repeating the addition of 40 μL of a sodium p-toluenesulfonate aqueous solution, the stirring of the reaction mixture, and the measurement of the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, the data until W0=86.5 (W0c=71.5) were collected. obtained in Example 1 was charged the apparatus was closed tightly by drying the inside of the variable-volume high-pressure cell was set at 35° C. and into the piston front part of the variable-volume high-pressure cell, 20 g (sodium isostearylsulfate concentration (relative to carbon dioxide): 0.08% by mol) of carbon dioxide (manufactured by Nippon Ekitan Corporation; purity: 99.99% or more) was elevated to 75° C.

Conditions: temp:275.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a 20 liters autoclave were charged 4770 g of isopropyl isostearate [Emery 2310, commercially available from Emery Co., Ltd. U.S.A.] and 239 g of copper-chromium catalyst (product of Nikki Co., Ltd.). Hydrogen gas was charged into the reactor under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 and the reaction mixture was heated up to 275° C. After hydrogenation under 150 kg/cm2 /275° C. for about 7 hours, the reaction product was cooled, followed by removing the catalyst residue by filtration to obtain 3500 g of crude product. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure thereby obtaining 3300 g of colorless transparent isostearyl alcohol as a fraction of 80° to 167° C./0.6 mmHg. The thus obtained isostearyl alcohol (monomethyl-branched isostearyl alcohol) had an acid value of 0.05, a saponification value of 5.5, and a hydroxyl value of 181.4. IR analysis (liquid film) revealed absorptions at 3340 and 1055 cm-1 and NMR analysis (CCl4 solvent) revealed an absorption at (δ)=3.50 (broad triplet, --CH2 --OH). According to the gas chromatograph, the alcohol was chiefly composed of about 75% of an alcohol whose number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group was 18, with the remainder being made of alcohols having alkyl groups with 14 and 16 carbon atoms. The branched methyl group was located substantially at the center of the main alkyl chain in all the alcohol components. the reaction product was cooled by removing the catalyst residue by filtration to obtain 3500 g of crude product The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a round bottom flask having a capacity of 1 liter and equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a dropping funnel, and a stirring means, 120 g of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution (60 g (1.5 mole) as pure sodium hydroxide), 68 g (0.25 mole) of isostearyl alcohol [5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl) octanol], 200 ml of n-hexane, and 2.51 g (0.0075 mole) of stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, were introduced in this order. The reaction mixture was kept at a reaction temperature of 25° C. in a water bath, and while vigorously stirring the mixture at a stirring speed of 400 r.p.m., 93 g (1 mole) of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise from the dropping funnel. It took about 1.5 hours for the addition of the epichlorohydrin, and the reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for about 8 hours at this temperature. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was treated in a usual manner, whereupon 67.9 g (yield: 83%) of isostearyl glycidyl ether (5,7,7-trimethyl-2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-octyl glycidyl ether) was obtained. Into a round bottom flask having a capacity of 1 liter and equipped with a reflux condenser The reaction mixture was kept at a reaction temperature of 25° C. in a water bath After the completion of the reaction

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:65.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The reaction mixture was emulsified as follows: 300 g polycarbodiimide solution as prepared above was heated to 65° C. and added to a hot aqueous solution of Ethoquad™ C-12 (2% on solids), Tergitol 15S30 (3% on solids) and Tergitol™ TMN-6 (5.4% solids). 199 g water was added. The mixture was emulsified with 2 stage lab Manton-Gaulin at 220/20 bar (2 passes). The solvent was stripped off with a Büchi evaporator, using water jet vacuum. A stable, milky dispersion of 21.9% solids was obtained. 300 g polycarbodiimide solution as prepared The solvent was stripped off with a Büchi evaporator

Conditions: temp:275.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4770 g of isostearic acid isopropyl ester (Emery 2310 isostearic acid isopropyl ester, sold by Emery Industry Inc., U.S.A.) and 239 g of a copper-chromium catalyst (made by Nikki) are charged in an autoclave having a capacity of 20 liters. Hydrogen gas is then added under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 and the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 275° C. Hydrogenation was carried out under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 at 275° C. for about 7 hours, and then the reaction product was cooled and the catalyst residue was removed by filtration, whereupon 3500 g of a crude product were obtained. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure thereby obtaining 3300 g of a colourless transparent isostearyl alcohol as a distillate at 80° to 167° C./0.6 mmHg. The isostearyl alcohol (methyl-branched stearyl alcohol) thus prepared had an acid value of 0.05, a saponification value of 5.5, and a hydroxyl value of 181.4. Absorption was observed at 3340 and 1055 cm-1 by IR (liquid film) and at δ3.50 (broad triplet, --CHH2 --OH) by NMR(CCl4). It has been found from gas-chromatography that the alcohol consists of a mixture which comprises about 75% of the main component having a total carbon number of 18 (the total of m and n being 15 in the formula II) and the rest being composed of components having a total carbon number of 14 or 16, and that, in any case, branched methyl groups are located in the vicinity of the center of the main alkyl chain. the reaction product was cooled the catalyst residue was removed by filtration, whereupon 3500 g of a crude product were obtained The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Isooctadecyl picolinate was prepared using the method of Example 7 from picolinic acid and isooctadecyl alcohol, the commercial material obtained from Fabwerke Hoechst AG and described in Example 8. The light brown, oily product of the reaction had an estimated purity of 93.5%.