1-nitroethene

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 5.88 g (26.1 mmol) portion of N-methyl-C-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)nitrone was added to 50 mL of 0.76 molar (38 mmol) nitroethylene in toluene. The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave a brown tar which was purified by flash chromatography on a column of 50 g of silica gel eluted successively with 100 mL portions of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ether in hexanes to yield 4.53 g of an orange oil. This material was crystallized from 20 mL of ice-cold 1:1 ether:hexanes to give 3.16 g of 2-methyl-4-nitro-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-isoxazolidine (Example 38) as a low melting solid. The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave a brown tar which was purified by flash chromatography on a column of 50 g of silica gel eluted successively with 100 mL portions of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ether in hexanes

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Lithium diisopropylamide was prepared at 0° C. from lithium diisopropylamine (193.53 mg, 1.91 mmol) and n-butyllithium (0.764 mL, 1.91 mmol) under N2. It was added via cannula to a stirring solution of ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 1.74 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h, a solution of nitroethylene (140.41 mg, 1.91 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL). It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 325 mg (70% pure) ethyl 2-(2-nitroethyl)quinuclidine-2-carboxylate as a light brown liquid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification. the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL) It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL) dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The compounds of Formula 2, wherein u=1, v=2, w=1, x=0, y=2 and z=2, possess the spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine] core and can be prepared in a manner similar to that for the corresponding spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], as seen in Scheme 11. Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate can be generated from (4-bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran by the procedures discussed previously for ethyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate. The requisite 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran can be prepared according to procedures found in Burger, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:5512 (1950), Thomas, et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 15:167 (1963) and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:8401 (1993). Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate iscan then deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and reacted with nitroethylene. Subsequent treatment with Raney nickel gives directly the spirolactam, spiro[azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine]-2′-one, by reduction of the nitro group followed by spontaneous cyclization. This lactam iscan then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to provide the desired spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], which is then arylated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 5.88 g (26.1 mmol) portion of N-methyl-C-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)nitrone was added to 50 mL of 0.76 molar (38 mmol) nitroethylene in toluene. The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave a brown tar which was purified by flash chromatography on a column of 50 g of silica gel eluted successively with 100 mL portions of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ether in hexanes to yield 4.53 g of an orange oil. This material was crystallized from 20 mL of ice-cold 1:1 ether:hexanes to give 3.16 g of 2-methyl-4-nitro-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-isoxazolidine (Example 38) as a low melting solid. The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave a brown tar which was purified by flash chromatography on a column of 50 g of silica gel eluted successively with 100 mL portions of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ether in hexanes

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Lithium diisopropylamide was prepared at 0° C. from lithium diisopropylamine (193.53 mg, 1.91 mmol) and n-butyllithium (0.764 mL, 1.91 mmol) under N2. It was added via cannula to a stirring solution of ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 1.74 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h, a solution of nitroethylene (140.41 mg, 1.91 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL). It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 325 mg (70% pure) ethyl 2-(2-nitroethyl)quinuclidine-2-carboxylate as a light brown liquid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification. the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL) It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL) dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Lithium diisopropylamide was prepared at 0° C. from lithium diisopropylamine (193.53 mg, 1.91 mmol) and n-butyllithium (0.764 mL, 1.91 mmol) under N2. It was added via cannula to a stirring solution of ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 1.74 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h, a solution of nitroethylene (140.41 mg, 1.91 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL). It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 325 mg (70% pure) ethyl 2-(2-nitroethyl)quinuclidine-2-carboxylate as a light brown liquid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification. the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL) It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL) dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Lithium diisopropylamide was prepared at 0° C. from lithium diisopropylamine (193.53 mg, 1.91 mmol) and n-butyllithium (0.764 mL, 1.91 mmol) under N2. It was added via cannula to a stirring solution of ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 1.74 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h, a solution of nitroethylene (140.41 mg, 1.91 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL). It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 325 mg (70% pure) ethyl 2-(2-nitroethyl)quinuclidine-2-carboxylate as a light brown liquid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification. the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL) It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL) dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The compounds of Formula 2, wherein u=1, v=2, w=1, x=0, y=2 and z=2, possess the spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine] core and can be prepared in a manner similar to that for the corresponding spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], as seen in Scheme 11. Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate can be generated from (4-bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran by the procedures discussed previously for ethyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate. The requisite 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran can be prepared according to procedures found in Burger, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:5512 (1950), Thomas, et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 15:167 (1963) and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:8401 (1993). Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate is then deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and reacted with nitroethylene. Subsequent treatment with Raney nickel gives directly the spirolactam, spiro[azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine]-2′-one, by reduction of the nitro group followed by spontaneous cyclization. This lactam is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to provide the desired spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], which is then arylated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The compounds of Formula 2, wherein u=1, v=2, w=1, x=0, y=2 and z=2, possess the spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine] core and can be prepared in a manner similar to that for the corresponding spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], as seen in Scheme 11. Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate can be generated from (4-bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran by the procedures discussed previously for ethyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate. The requisite 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran can be prepared according to procedures found in Burger, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:5512 (1950), Thomas, et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 15:167 (1963) and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:8401 (1993). Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate is then deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and reacted with nitroethylene. Subsequent treatment with Raney nickel gives directly the spirolactam, spiro[azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine]-2′-one, by reduction of the nitro group followed by spontaneous cyclization. This lactam is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to provide the desired spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], which is then arylated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The compounds of Formula 2, wherein u=1, v=2, w=1, x=0, y=2 and z=2, possess the spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine] core and can be prepared in a manner similar to that for the corresponding spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], as seen in Scheme 11. Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate can be generated from (4-bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran by the procedures discussed previously for ethyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate. The requisite 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran can be prepared according to procedures found in Burger, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:5512 (1950), Thomas, et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 15:167 (1963) and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:8401 (1993). Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate is then deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and reacted with nitroethylene. Subsequent treatment with Raney nickel gives directly the spirolactam, spiro[azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine]-2′-one, by reduction of the nitro group followed by spontaneous cyclization. This lactam is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to provide the desired spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], which is then arylated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Lithium diisopropylamide was prepared at 0° C. from lithium diisopropylamine (193.53 mg, 1.91 mmol) and n-butyllithium (0.764 mL, 1.91 mmol) under N2. It was added via cannula to a stirring solution of ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 1.74 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h, a solution of nitroethylene (140.41 mg, 1.91 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL). It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 325 mg (70% pure) ethyl 2-(2-nitroethyl)quinuclidine-2-carboxylate as a light brown liquid, which was taken on to the next step without further purification. the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20 mL) It was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×25 mL) dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated by rotary evaporation

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The compounds of Formula 2, wherein u=1, v=2, w=1, x=0, y=2 and z=2, possess the spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine] core and can be prepared in a manner similar to that for the corresponding spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], as seen in Scheme 11. Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate can be generated from (4-bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran by the procedures discussed previously for ethyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate. The requisite 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran can be prepared according to procedures found in Burger, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:5512 (1950), Thomas, et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 15:167 (1963) and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:8401 (1993). Ethyl quinuclidine-2-carboxylate is then deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and reacted with nitroethylene. Subsequent treatment with Raney nickel gives directly the spirolactam, spiro[azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine]-2′-one, by reduction of the nitro group followed by spontaneous cyclization. This lactam is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to provide the desired spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3′-pyrrolidine], which is then arylated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.