2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetonitrile

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-iodo-D-alaninate (5.00 g, 15.19 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added cesium carbonate (5.44 g, 16.71 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 2 h. (2-Fluorophenyl)acetonitrile (5.87 mL, 45.6 mmol) and cesium carbonate (7.42 g, 22.8 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was filtered and water was added to the filtrate. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3×), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0% ethyl acetate→50% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave the title compound as a racemic mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. MS: m/z=378.1 (M+CH3CN+1). were added The mixture was filtered water was added to the filtrate The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3×), brine dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated Purification by silica gel chromatography (0% ethyl acetate→50% ethyl acetate/hexane)

Conditions: temp:23.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-iodo-D-alaninate (5.00 g, 15.2 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added cesium carbonate (5.44 g, 16.7 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 2 hours. (2-Fluorophenyl)acetonitrile (5.87 mL, 45.6 mmol) and cesium carbonate (7.42 g, 22.8 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered and water was added to the filtrate. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3×), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0% ethyl acetate→+50% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave the title compound as a racemic mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. MS: m/z=378.1 (M+CH3CN+1). the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour The mixture was filtered water was added to the filtrate The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3×), brine dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated Purification by silica gel chromatography (0% ethyl acetate→+50% ethyl acetate/hexane)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetonitrile (2.1 g, 15.5 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and hexane (20 ml) was treated with n-butyl lithium (6.2 ml, 15.5 mol) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for one hour. A solution of benzyl magnesium bromide (2.02 ml, 17.05 mmol) in hexane (10 ml) was added at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for two hours, then warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted in ether. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with magnesium sulfate then filtered and evaporated. Purification by MPLC with 3 to 5% MeOH:CH2Cl2 afforded 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylpropanenitrile, (Intermediate 11), (3.4 g). The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for two hours warmed to room temperature stirred at room temperature overnight The mixture was quenched with water extracted in ether The combined organic layers were washed with brine dried with magnesium sulfate then filtered evaporated Purification by MPLC with 3 to 5% MeOH

Conditions: temp:75.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium methoxide (51.84 g) was added to dry toluene (815 mL) in a 1 L reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to 75° C., and then a mixture of 2-fluorobenzeneacetonitrile (100 g) in dimethyl carbonate (131.64 g) was added at 70-74° C. over a period of 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was further maintained at this temperature (70-75° C.) for an additional 4.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 25-30° C. and added to a mixture of HCl (110 g, 35.2 wt %) diluted with water (300 mL) at 10-15° C. using an addition funnel. The resulting layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a brown oily liquid (138.8 g, 94.8% yield). was added at 70-74° C. over a period of 45 minutes The reaction mixture was further maintained at this temperature (70-75° C.) for an additional 4.5 hours The reaction mixture was then cooled to 25-30° C. The resulting layers were separated the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×200 mL) dried over sodium sulfate concentrated under reduced pressure