2,3-Dihydroxypropyl docosanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 148.8 mg of potassium clavulanate was blended with 141.2 mg of glyceryl behenate in a Hobart blender (batchsize: 7 kgs), and the blend thus obtained was granulated as described above, to obtain Clavulanate compression mix Formula B2. the blend thus obtained

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 148.8 mg of potassium clavulanate was blended with 141.2 mg of glyceryl behenate in a Hobart blender (batchsize: 7 kgs), and the blend thus obtained was granulated as described above, to obtain Clavulanate compression mix Formula B2. the blend thus obtained

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Typically, about 118 kg of a mixture of C10:0 and C8:0 fatty acids (55:45 weight ratio) is preheated to the esterification temperature and adjusted to the requisite pressure. This fatty acid mixture is used to esterify about 16.8 kg of monobehenin at an 18:1 acid to monobehenin mole ratio at esterification temperature 245° C. (The monobehenin is commercially produced by molecular distillation of behenic acid/glycerol reaction products and comprises 98.1% monoglyceride, 0.5% diglyceride, 0.1% free glycerol, and 0.3% diglycerol.) The monobehenin is added incrementally as a liquid over a 60 minute period to the melted fatty acids. The esterification pressure ranges from 700 mmHg to 1520 mmHg. A pressure of 700 mmHg is initially used, but is increased as necessary to prevent the mixture containing the fatty acids from boiling over. at esterification temperature 245° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for preparing the reduced calorie fats is at least about 90%, and is preferably at least about 95%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, thermal distillation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This synthesis route minimizes the formation of base catalyzed by-products such as difatty ketones or diglycerols. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity of monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for preparing the reduced calorie fats is at least about 90%, and is preferably at least about 95%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, thermal distillation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This synthesis route minimizes the formation of base catalyzed by-products such as difatty ketones or diglycerols. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity of monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for use in the esterification process of the present invention is at least about 90%, preferably at least about 95%, and most preferably at least about 98%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, solventless fractionation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for use in the esterification process of the present invention is at least about 90%, preferably at least about 95%, and most preferably at least about 98%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, solventless fractionation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Typically, about 118 kg of a mixture of C10:0 and C8:0 fatty acids (55:45 weight ratio) was preheated to the esterification temperature. This fatty acid mixture was used to esterify about 16.8 kg of monobehenin at a 18:1 acid to monobehenin mole ratio at esterification temperatures in the range of 174°-210° C. for 1.5 to 3.5 hours. (The monobehenin was commercially produced by molecular distillation of behenic acid/glycerol reaction products and comprised 98.1% monoglyceride, 0.5% diglyceride, 0.1% free glycerol, and 0.3% diglycerol.) The monobehenin was added incrementally as a powder over a 10 minute period to the melted fatty acids. Vigorous agitation (571 m./min. tip speed) and a nitrogen gas sparging rate of 1.4-2.1 liter/min. per liter of reaction mixture was used to remove the water generated during the esterification. The light fatty acids were refluxed by the partial condenser operated at 110° C., while generated water was condensed by the total condenser at 40° C. The esterification progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using high performance silica plates and a 75% petroleum ether/25% diethyl ether/1% acetic acid development solvent, followed by charring with 5% phosphomolybdic acid in anhydrous methanol. The esterification were stopped after complete elimination of diglycerides (i.e. measured level typically less than 0.4%). Composite analyses of the six esterification indicated a 6.4% MMM, 89.9% MML/MLM and 3.7% MML/LML triglyceride composition (average) in the reaction mixture. (As determined by CNP (acid free basis), "MMM"≤C24 to C34, "MML/MLM"=C36 to C44, and "MLL/LML"C46 to C56.) The free fatty acid profiles for the reaction mixtures were determined to be 42.9% C8:0, 56.2% C10:0, 0.7% C12:0, and 0.2% C22:0 fatty acids (average), which suggests minimal long chain fatty acid hydrolysis occurred under these esterification conditions. (As determined by free fatty acid profiles, "long chain fatty acid"=combined C20:0C22:0 and C24:0.) in the range of 174°-210° C. for 1.5 to 3.5 hours

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for use in the esterification process of the present invention is at least about 90%, and is preferably at least about 95%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, solventless fractionation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This synthesis route minimizes the formation of base catalyzed by-products such as difatty ketones or diglycerols. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity of monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The preferred source of monoglycerides for use in the esterification process of the present invention is at least about 90%, and is preferably at least about 95%, pure monobehenin. This preferred monoglyceride can be obtained by hydrolysis of substantially completely hydrogenated (i.e., I.V. about 10 or less) high erucic acid rapeseed oil, solventless fractionation of the resulting fatty acid mixture to provide a behenic fatty acid-enriched fraction, and then esterification of glycerol with this behenic acid-enriched fraction to provide a crude mixture of monoglycerides. This synthesis route minimizes the formation of base catalyzed by-products such as difatty ketones or diglycerols. This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin to yield a source of monoglycerides having the desired purity of monobehenin. to provide a crude This crude monoglyceride mixture can be subsequently purified by molecular distillation, solvent (e.g., ethyl alcohol) crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction or adsorption on a weak acid ion exchange resin

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 148.8 mg of potassium clavulanate was blended with 141.2 mg of glyceryl behenate in a Hobart blender (batchsize: 7 kgs), and the blend thus obtained was granulated as described above, to obtain Clavulanate compression mix Formula B2. the blend thus obtained

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 148.8 mg of potassium clavulanate was blended with 141.2 mg of glyceryl behenate in a Hobart blender (batchsize: 7 kgs), and the blend thus obtained was granulated as described above, to obtain Clavulanate compression mix Formula B2. the blend thus obtained