1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S, 4R, 6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R, 6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S, 4R, 6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R, 6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of the compound obtained in Step e (1.35 g; 293 mmol) in 16 ml of anhydrous toluene is added to a mixture of LiCN (0.5 M in DMF) (11.72 ml; 5.86 mmol), (Ph3P)4Pd (237 mg; 0.205 mmol) and 12-crown-4 (36 mg; 0.205 mmol) under an argon. atmosphere. The reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 6 hours. Water (10 ml) is added to the reaction mixture, and the organic phase is extracted with diethyl ether. After drying and concentration, the residue obtained is purified on silica gel (eluant:heptane/EtOAc) to yield the title product. the organic phase is extracted with diethyl ether After drying concentration the residue obtained is purified on silica gel (eluant:heptane/EtOAc)

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 2-chloro-5-iodo-N,N-dimethylnicotinamide (1.54 g, 5 mmol), prepared as in Example 14, and lithium cyanide (0.5M in DMF, 20 mL, 10 mmol) was distilled at reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclo-dodecane (0.2 mL, 1.25 mmol) in 50 mL of benzene and the mixture was distilled under nitrogen until a forefraction of approximately 5 mL had collected. The suspension was allowed to cool and then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (2.44 g, 2.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. under nitrogen for 1 week, allowed to cool to room temperature and partitioned between aqueous sodium bicarbonate and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether and the extract was washed with brine, dried (Na2 SO4) and concentrated. The residue was purified on silica gel by column chromatography eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate (5:1) to give 2-chloro-5-cyano-N,N-dimethylnicotinamide (0.57 g, 2.72 mmol), m.p. 148°-153° C. was distilled at reduced pressure the mixture was distilled under nitrogen until a forefraction of approximately 5 mL had collected to cool to cool to room temperature partitioned between aqueous sodium bicarbonate and ethyl acetate The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether the extract was washed with brine dried (Na2 SO4) concentrated The residue was purified on silica gel by column chromatography eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate (5:1)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S,4R,6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R,6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of (1S, 4R, 6R)-4-benzhydryl-3,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 28d (0.06 g, 0.23 mmol) with a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.06 g, 1.58 mmol) in pentane along with 12-crown-4 ether (0.31 g, 1.74 mmol) for 15 h at room temperature afforded (3R, 6R)-6-benzhydryl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 38 0.046 g (77%, [α]D=(+)74.9, c=1, MeOH).