ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Prepared analogously to Example C(a) from cyclohexan- 1,3-dione and ethyl 2-formyl-propionate.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Prepared analogously to Example C(a) from cyclohexan- 1,3-dione and ethyl 2-formyl-propionate.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 10.9 g of 3,4-dichlorobenzylhydrazine were added dropwise to a solution of 7.5 g of α-formylpropionic acid ethyl ester in 50 ml of ethanol. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the solvent was distilled off in vacuo and the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol. the solvent was distilled off in vacuo the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol

Conditions: temp:30.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The yeast Candida humicola NRRL Y-1266 was cultivated on an agar slant with 7.5 ml of medium 1 consisting of 1 wt.% of yeast extract, 1 wt.% of peptone, 2 wt.% of glucose, 1.6 wt.% of agar and 94.4 wt.% of distilled water. After incubation at 30° C. for 3 days the batch was treated with 9 ml of 0.9% (wt./vol.) sodium chloride solution and the cells were suspended. Subsequently, a shaking flask containing 100 ml of medium 1 without the addition of agar (i.e. a medium consisting of 1 wt.% of yeast extract, 1 wt.% of peptone, 2 wt.% of glucose and 96 wt.% of distilled water) was inoculated with 1 ml of the suspension obtained. After an incubation period of 3 days while shaking at 30° C. the cells were centrifuged off and suspended in 100 ml of 5% (wt./vol.) of glucose solution. The suspension obtained was treated with 0.1 g of ethyl α-formylpropionate and incubated further at 30° C. while shaking. After 5 hours the batch was extracted with ethyl acetate, there being obtained ethyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-isobutyrate in an optical purity of 95.2% ee. extract After incubation at 30° C. for 3 days the batch was treated with 9 ml of 0.9% (wt./vol.) sodium chloride solution Subsequently, a shaking flask containing 100 ml of medium 1 without the addition of agar (i.e. extract obtained The suspension obtained incubated further at 30° C. while shaking After 5 hours the batch was extracted with ethyl acetate, there

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 7.5 g of α-formylpropionic acid ethyl ester in 50 ml ethanol were added dropwise 10.9 g 3,4-dichlorobenzylhydrazine. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the solvent was distilled off in a vacuum and the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol. m.p. 156° C., 9.3 g (64% of theory). the solvent was distilled off in a vacuum the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 7.5 g of α-formylpropionic acid ethyl ester in 50 ml ethanol were added dropwise 10.9 g 3,4-dichlorobenzylhydrazine. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the solvent was distilled off in a vacuum and the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol. m.p. 156° C., 9.3 g (64% of theory). the solvent was distilled off in a vacuum the solid residue was recrystallized from ethanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of ethyl formate (55.2 g) and ethyl propionate (51.0 g) was added dropwise with stirring to a suspension of sodium hydride (20.9 g, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) in dry THF (260 ml) under nitrogen. On completion of the addition, the temperature of the reaction mixture rose gradually from ambient temperature to 45° C. accompanied by rapid evolution of hydrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours then cooled and water (400 ml) was added cautiously. The basic solution was washed with ether, then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether to give an oil. The oil was distilled and the fraction boiling in the range 100°-160° C. was collected to give ethyl 2-formylpropionate. was added dropwise On completion of the addition rose gradually from ambient temperature to 45° C. then cooled The basic solution was washed with ether extracted with ether to give an oil The oil was distilled boiling in the range 100°-160° C. was collected

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into an apparatus similar to that in Example 1, were charged 228.1 g (1 mole) of N-dodecylethylenediamine and 130.1 g (1 mole) of ethyl 2-formylpropionate. At 140° to 145° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off to obtain 4-dodecyl-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-diazepin-5-one. At 140° to 145° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into an apparatus similar to that in Example 1, were charged 339.5 g (1 mole) of N-(2-hydroxy)hexadecyldiethylenetriamine and 130.1 g of ethyl 2-formylpropionate. At 140° to 150° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off to obtain 4-(2-hydroxyhexadecyl)aminoethyl-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-diazepin-5-one. At 140° to 150° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of ethyl formate (55.2 g) and ethyl propionate (51.0 g) was added dropwise with stirring to a suspension of sodium hydride (20.9 g, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) in dry THF (260 ml) under nitrogen. On completion of the addition, the temperature of the reaction mixture rose gradually from ambient temperature to 45° C. accompanied by rapid evolution of hydrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours then cooled and water (400 ml) was added cautiously. The basic solution was washed with ether, then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether to give an oil. The oil was distilled and the fraction boiling in the range 100°-160° C. was collected to give ethyl 2-formylpropionate. was added dropwise On completion of the addition rose gradually from ambient temperature to 45° C. then cooled The basic solution was washed with ether extracted with ether to give an oil The oil was distilled boiling in the range 100°-160° C. was collected

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into an apparatus similar to that in Example 1, were charged 228.1 g (1 mole) of N-dodecylethylenediamine and 130.1 g (1 mole) of ethyl 2-formylpropionate. At 140° to 145° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off to obtain 4-dodecyl-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-diazepin-5-one. At 140° to 145° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into an apparatus similar to that in Example 1, were charged 339.5 g (1 mole) of N-(2-hydroxy)hexadecyldiethylenetriamine and 130.1 g of ethyl 2-formylpropionate. At 140° to 150° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off to obtain 4-(2-hydroxyhexadecyl)aminoethyl-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-diazepin-5-one. At 140° to 150° C., 18 g of water and 46 g of ethanol were distilled off