2-(dodecoxymethyl)oxirane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 250 mL, round bottom 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser, a nitrogen in/out let, a mechanical stirrer, a thermo-watch, and a heating mantle, a mixture of 30 g of 10,000 Mw PEG and toluene (80 mL) was heated to 60° C. At this temperature, KOH (2.19 g, 0.04 mol, in 2 g of water) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Dodecyl glycidyl ether (8.71 g, 0.04 mole) was added and the reaction temperature was kept at 110° C. for 5 hours. After the reaction mass was cooled to 60° C., toluene (80 mL) was further added. The solution was precipitated into 300 mL of hexane. After filtration and washing with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3×) and drying in vaccuo, a white polymer (33 g) was obtained. 1H NMR showed 11% hydrophobe incorporation. The Brookfield viscosity of a 5% aqueous solution of this oligomer was >200,000 cps (BF LV, S-63, 0.3 rpm at 25° C.). Paint performance: SG10 M (standard formulation). The material was not soluble in this paint. For UCAR 379 G, TE %=0.52, VLT=−6 KU. In a 250 mL, round bottom 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser the reaction temperature was kept at 110° C. for 5 hours After the reaction mass was cooled to 60° C. The solution was precipitated into 300 mL of hexane After filtration washing with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3×) drying in vaccuo

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 250 mL, round bottom 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser, a nitrogen in/out let, a mechanical stirrer, a thermo-watch, and a heating mantle, a mixture of 30 g of 10,000 Mw PEG and toluene (80 mL) was heated to 60° C. At this temperature, KOH (1.52 g, 0.04 mol, in 1.5 g of water) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Dodecyl glycidyl ether (5.81 g, 0.024 mole) was added and the reaction temperature was kept at 110° C. for 5 hours. After the reaction mass was cooled to 60° C., toluene (80 mL) was further added. The solution was precipitated into 300 mL of hexane. After filtration and washing with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3×) and drying in vacuum, a white polymer (31.8 g) was obtained. 1H NMR showed 11% hydrophobe incorporation. The Brookfield viscosity of a 5% aqueous solution of this oligomer was >400000 cps (BF LV, S-63, 0.3 rpm at 25° C.). Paint performance: SG10 M (standard formulation). The material was not soluble in this paint. For UCAR 379 G, TE %=0.52, VLT=−17 KU. In a 250 mL, round bottom 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser the reaction temperature was kept at 110° C. for 5 hours After the reaction mass was cooled to 60° C. The solution was precipitated into 300 mL of hexane After filtration washing with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3×) drying in vacuum

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Using the method of Example 5, supra, dodecyl glycidyl ether (242 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (197 mg, 1.1 mmol) were used to prepare 121 mg of the title compound as a clear, colorless oil: GC/EI-MS, m/z (rel. int.) 422 (M+1, 1), 406 (4), 300 (100), 222 (11), 163 (23), 121 (34); 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.6), 6.83 (2H, d, J=8.6), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.76 (1H, m), 3.45 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, dd, J=7.6 and 4.0), 2.65 (4H, m), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.26 (20H, m), 1.06 (3H, s), 1.05 (3H, s), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.4); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ 158.1, 131.3, 130.0, 113.4, 73.5, 71.7, 69.0, 55.1, 53.4, 46.4, 44.6, 31.9, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 26.7, 26.6, 26.1, 22.7, 14.1; FT-IR (film) cm−1 3415 (broad, s), 1612, 1512, 1246, 1121, 825.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Using the method of Example 5, supra, dodecyl glycidyl ether (242 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (197 mg, 1.1 mmol) were used to prepare 121 mg of the title compound as a clear, colorless oil: GC/EI-MS, m/z (rel. int.) 422 (M+1, 1), 406 (4), 300 (100), 222 (11), 163 (23), 121 (34); 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.6), 6.83 (2H, d, J=8.6), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.76 (1H, m), 3.45 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, dd, J=7.6 and 4.0), 2.65 (4H, m), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.26 (20H, m), 1.06 (3H, s), 1.05 (3H, s), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.4); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ 158.1, 131.3, 130.0, 113.4, 73.5, 71.7, 69.0, 55.1, 53.4, 46.4, 44.6, 31.9, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 26.7, 26.6, 26.1, 22.7, 14.1; FT-IR (film) cm−1 3415 (broad, s), 1612, 1512, 1246, 1121, 825.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-lysine hydrochloride (18.3 g, 0.1 mols) and 2.0 g (0.2 mols) of sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 10.1 g of Nε-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)-L-lysine hydrochloride (yield 23.7%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography ( Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-lysine hydrochloride (18.3 g, 0.1 mols) and 2.0 g (0.2 mols) of sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 10.1 g of Nε-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)-L-lysine hydrochloride (yield 23.7%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography ( Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-arginine (17.4 g, 0.1 mols) was dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether (made by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 made by Merck & Co., Inc., eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 15.0 g of N-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)-L-arginine hydrochloride (yield 36.0%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 , eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-arginine (17.4 g, 0.1 mols) was dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether (made by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 made by Merck & Co., Inc., eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 15.0 g of N-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)-L-arginine hydrochloride (yield 36.0%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 , eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-lysine hydrochloride (18.3 g, 0.1 mols) and 2.0 g (0.2 mols) of sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 10.1 g of Nε-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy)propyl-L-lysine hydrochloride (yield 23.7%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography ( Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-lysine hydrochloride (18.3 g, 0.1 mols) and 2.0 g (0.2 mols) of sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was identified through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 10.1 g of Nε-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy)propyl-L-lysine hydrochloride (yield 23.7%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography ( Kieselgel 60, eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: L-arginine (17.4 g, 0.1 mols) was dissolved in 100 ml of water in a three-necked round flask, and 100 ml of i-propanol were added thereto. Then, 24.2 g (0.1 mols) of dodecylglycidyl ether (made by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) were added dropwise thereto over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed and stirred. Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. It was determined through TLC and gas chromatography that dodecylglycidyl ether disappeared. Thereafter, the resulting mixture was neutralized with 10.1 g (0.1 mols) of 36% hydrochloric acid. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 made by Merck & Co., Inc., eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5) to give 15.0 g of N-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy)propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (yield 36.0%). over a period of 30 minutes while being heat-refluxed Further, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure the residue was purified through silica-gel column chromatography (Kieselgel 60 , eluent=mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetic acid at a ratio of 3:1:0.5)