6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Accordingly, hetero-lactic fermentation of a mixture containing hexose and pentose may be performed. Hetero-lactic fermentation is conducted while neutralizing with ammonia to produce ammonium lactate and ethanol from hexose, and to produce ammonium lactate and ammonium acetate from pentose. Ammonium lactate and ammonium acetate are esterified with ethanol (if amount of ethanol obtained by fermentation is not enough, ethanol might be further added) to yield ethyl lactate and ethyl acetate, respectively. Ammonia generated at the time of esterification is recovered. Unreacted ethanol is distilled off, and purification of ethyl lactate is conducted by distillation with removing and recovering ethyl acetate.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The assay was based on the method described by Sullivan and Ikawa (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1973, 309:11-22), but modified to run in microtiter plates. An assay mixture contained 150 μl β-D-glucose (0.1 M in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.3), 120 μl 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.3, 10 μl o-dianisidine-dihydrochloride (Sigma D-3252, 3.0 mg/ml in H2O), 10 μl peroxidase (POD) (Sigma P-8125, 0.1 ml in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.3) and 10 μl enzyme (HOX) solution. Blanks were made by adding buffer in place of enzyme solution. by adding buffer in place of enzyme solution

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 40-% D-fructose solution was adjusted to pH 11 for heating at 100° C. for 90 minutes by a batch-wise process. So as to maintain the pH, an appropriate volume of 4N NaOH was added every 30 minutes. So as to maintain the pH

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Accordingly, hetero-lactic fermentation of a mixture containing hexose and pentose may be performed. Hetero-lactic fermentation is conducted while neutralizing with ammonia to produce ammonium lactate and ethanol from hexose, and to produce ammonium lactate and ammonium acetate from pentose. Ammonium lactate and ammonium acetate are esterified with ethanol (if amount of ethanol obtained by fermentation is not enough, ethanol might be further added) to yield ethyl lactate and ethyl acetate, respectively. Ammonia generated at the time of esterification is recovered. Unreacted ethanol is distilled off, and purification of ethyl lactate is conducted by distillation with removing and recovering ethyl acetate.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In 5 L of a 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing 1000 g of lactose and 825 g of CaCO3, 200 g of GRINGAMYL SURE BAKE 800 (manufactured by DANISCO, a recombinant enzyme of marine algae-origin hexose oxidase) was suspended to give a liquid reaction mixture. This liquid reaction mixture was allowed to react under stirring and aerating (blowing air at a rate of 0.5 times by volume as much as the liquid reaction mixture per minute) for 2 days at 30° C. Then, the liquid reaction mixture was centrifuged (10,000 rpm, 30 minutes at 4° C.) to thereby remove CaCO3. The obtained supernatant was supplied into an active carbon column (5 cm (diameter)×40 cm) having been equilibrated with deionized water and eluted with 1500 ml of deionized water. The eluate was collected, concentrated to 300 mL under reduced pressure and then precipitated by adding ethanol 2.3 times as much. The precipitate was dried under reduced pressure to thereby give 1020 g of calcium lactobionate. to give a liquid reaction mixture This liquid reaction mixture to react much as the liquid reaction mixture per minute) for 2 days at 30° C Then, the liquid reaction mixture (10,000 rpm, 30 minutes at 4° C.) eluted with 1500 ml of deionized water The eluate was collected concentrated to 300 mL under reduced pressure precipitated by adding ethanol 2.3 times as much The precipitate was dried under reduced pressure