hydrogen peroxide;urea

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of TFAA (2.1 mL, 3.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of 2,7-dibromo-fluoren-9-one (3.3 g, 10 mmol) and H2O2-urea (1.4 g, 15 mL) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours, a second portion of H2O2-urea was added, and stirring was continued at room temperature for a further 72 hours. The mixture was filtered, the organic phase was extracted with water (50 mL), and dried over Na2SO4. After removal of solvent, the residue was heated with 2N NaOH at 80° C. for 10 minutes, filtered, the cooled filtrate extracted with ether. The aqueous phase was acidified with 2N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). HCl (2 mL 4M solution) was added to the ethyl acetate and heated for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/ethanol to give the final product 3,8-Dibromo-benzo[c]chromen-6-one as a white solid (1.5 g, 40%). stirring was continued at room temperature for a further 72 hours The mixture was filtered the organic phase was extracted with water (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 After removal of solvent the residue was heated with 2N NaOH at 80° C. for 10 minutes filtered the cooled filtrate extracted with ether extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) HCl (2 mL 4M solution) was added to the ethyl acetate heated for 2 hours The solvent was removed under vacuum the residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/ethanol

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl-3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate (1.0 eq) was dissolved in EtOAc (6 vol). Water (0.3 vol) was added, followed by urea-hydrogen peroxide (3 eq). Phthalic anhydride (3 eq) was then added portionwise to the mixture as a solid at a rate to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C. After completion of the phthalic anhydride addition, the mixture was heated to 45° C. After stirring for an additional 4 hours, the heat was turned off. 10% w/w aqueous Na2SO3 (1.5 eq) was added via addition funnel. After completion of Na2SO3 addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes, and the layers separated. The organic layer was stirred, and 10% wt/wt aqueous. Na2CO3 (2 eq) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes, the layers were allowed to separate. The organic phase was washed 13% w/v aq NaCl. The organic phase was then filtered and concentrated to afford crude 2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-3-methylpyridine-1-oxide (95%) that was used directly in the next step. to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C the mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes the layers separated The organic layer was stirred After stirring for 30 minutes to separate The organic phase was washed 13% The organic phase was then filtered concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2.1 g (20 mmol) of acetic anhydride were added dropwise at 0° C. to a mixture of 2.0 g (8 mmol) of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-4'-methylbenzophenone, 9.9 g (0.07 mol) of disodium hydrogenphosphate and 3.8 g (40 mmol) of urea/hydrogen peroxide adduct in 50 ml of dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was then allowed to warmup to room temperature. After 12 h at 20° C., it was neutralized with sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and the aqueous phase was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane. The solvent was then distilled off from the organic phase under vacuum. 50 g of 70% sulfuric acid were added to the residue (2.5 g, containing ca. 80% of phenyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate) and the mixture was heated for 6 h at the boiling point. Dilution of the cooled mixture, extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether, drying, removal of the solvent and recrystallization of the crude product from water gives 1.0 g (5.7 mmol, 72%) of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoic acid in the form of a colorless powder (m.p. 182°-186° C.). to warmup to room temperature the aqueous phase was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane The solvent was then distilled off from the organic phase under vacuum 50 g of 70% sulfuric acid were added to the residue (2.5 g, containing ca. 80% of phenyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate) the mixture was heated for 6 h at the boiling point Dilution of the cooled mixture, extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether drying removal of the solvent and recrystallization of the crude product from water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 3-cyano-5-[(dipropylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid (IX/XXXII, PREPARATION 7, 0.602 g, 2.19 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.212 g, 1.53 mmol), and acetone (2.5 mL) is stirred at 20–25 degrees C. Water (2.5 mL) and urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (0.825 g, 8.78 mmol) are added and the mixture is stirred for 15 hours at 20–25 degrees C., at which time additional urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (0.204 g) is added; after stirring for another 3 hours, an additional 0.205 g of urea-hydrogen peroxide is added. After a total of 39 hours has elapsed, the acetone is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is acidified with hydrochloric acid (3N) to pH=2–4. The mixture is extracted with dichloromethane, the organic layer is separated and washed with hydrochloric acid (0.5 N), and the organic phase is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to a solid. The solid is crystallized from dichloromethane/hexane/methanol to give the title compound, MS (ESI+) for C15H20N2O4 m/z (M+H)+=293.2. the mixture is stirred for 15 hours at 20–25 degrees C after stirring for another 3 hours After a total of 39 hours the acetone is removed under reduced pressure The mixture is extracted with dichloromethane the organic layer is separated washed with hydrochloric acid (0.5 N) the organic phase is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to a solid The solid is crystallized from dichloromethane/hexane/methanol

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suspension of urea hydrogen peroxide (58.6 mg, 0.623 mmol) in 5 mL of CH2Cl2 at 0° C. was added dropwise trifluoroacetic anhydride (87 μL, 0.623 mmol). After stirring for 5 min at 0° C., a solution of 8-bromo-4-nitro-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridin-10-one (80 mg, 0.249 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added and the resulting reaction was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The mixture was carefully quenched with saturated NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate (5×5 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. Purification of the crude residue by column chromatography (CH2Cl2 to CH2Cl2/EA=10:1 to 5:1) gave 8-bromo-4-nitro-10-oxo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine 1-oxide as an light yellow solid. the resulting reaction was stirred at rt for 1.5 h The mixture was carefully quenched with saturated NaHCO3 extracted with ethyl acetate (5×5 mL) The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate filtered evaporated to dryness Purification of the crude residue by column chromatography (CH2Cl2 to CH2Cl2/EA=10:1 to 5:1)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 5-bromo-N,N-diethyl-2-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yloxy)benzamide (1.4 g, 3.81 mmol) and urea peroxide (1.076 g, 11.44 mmol) in 10 mL of DCM at 0 C was added dropwise trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.601 mL, 11.44 mmol) and the resulting reaction was stirred overnight. LCMS showed only less than 50% of desired conversion. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, quenched with Sat. NaHCO3, extracted with EA, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness. CC (DCM to DCM/EA=3:1 to DCM/MeOH=100:2 to 100:5 to 100:10) gave 3-(4-bromo-2-(diethylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)-2-fluoropyridine 1-oxide as an offwhite solid. the resulting reaction The mixture was evaporated to dryness quenched with Sat. NaHCO3 extracted with EA dried over Na2SO4 filtered evaporated to dryness

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A RBF was charged with 3-chloro-2-cyanopyridine (40 g, 289 mmol), 4-bromophenol (49.9 g, 289 mmol) and cesium carbonate (113 g, 346 mmol). The reactants were suspended in 50 mL of DMSO and allowed to stir at 85 C overnight. The reaction was cooled to RT and to it was added 600 mL of water. The reaction was filtered and the solid washed with water, air dried to provide 3-(4-bromophenoxy)picolinonitrile as a tan solid. Step 2: A mixture of 3-(4-bromophenoxy)picolinonitrile (57 g, 207 mmol) and 300 g of PPA was stirred at 190° C. for 2 h, followed by 180° C. overnight. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture was poured into 500 g of ice water. After the PH was adjusted to 7 with KOH, the suspension was filtered. The solid was washed with large excess of water, followed by washing with methanol and acetone. The resulting solid was air dried to give 8-bromo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridin-10-one as a tan solid with >90% purity. The material was carried on to the next step. Step 3: To a solution of 8-bromo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridin-10-one (60 g, 217 mmol) and urea peroxide (42.9 g, 456 mmol) in 120 mL of DCM at 0° C. was added dropwise trifluoroacetic anhydride (63.9 mL, 456 mmol). The resulting reaction was stirred for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with 10% Na2S2O3, extracted with DCM, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness to give crude 8-bromo-10-oxo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine 1-oxide as a pale yellow solid. Step 4: To a suspension of 8-bromo-10-oxo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine 1-oxide in 100 mL of toluene at 0° C. was added dropwise phosphorus oxychloride (35.8 mL, 391 mmol) followed by 2 mL of DMF and the mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum and the residue which crashed out of water, was filtered and washed with water, methanol and acetone in sequence. The solid was air dried to give 8-bromo-2-chloro-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridin-10-one as a tan solid. Step 5: To a suspension of 8-bromo-2-chloro-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridin-10-one (20 g, 64.4 mmol) in 500 mL of THF at −78° C. was added dropwise methylmagnesium bromide 3.0 M in diethyl ether (13.82 mL, 116 mmol). The reaction was allowed to slowly warmed up to 0° C. in about 2 h. The reaction was quenched with NH4Cl solution, extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated to give the corresponding crude tertiary alcohol. This solid residue was re-dissolved in 100 mL of THF and treated with 30 mL of chloroform and the resulting solution was evaporated on a 75° C. water bath for 10 min to give crude 8-bromo-2-chloro-10-methylene-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine as a brownish solid. Step 6: A solution of iodine (12.96 g, 51.0 mmol) in THF at −25° C. was treated with silver cyanate (21.86 g, 146 mmol). After 30 min, a solution of 8-bromo-2-chloro-10-methylene-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine (15 g, 48.6 mmol) in THF was added dropwise. The slurry was maintained at −25° C. for 2 h until LCMS showed complete consumption of starting material. The slurry was filtered through celite with ether. The brown solution was concentrated to dryness, taken up in THF, cooled to 0° C. and treated with ammonia, 2 m solution in 2-propanol (4.22 mL, 194 mmol) (100 mL). The reaction was allowed to slowly warm to RT and stirred overnight. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc and purified by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM to DCM/EA=3:1 to DCM/MeOH=100:2 to 100:5) to provide 8-bromo-2-chloro-5′H-spiro[chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine-10,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine (impure) as a brownish solid. MS (M+1): 365.9. Step 7: A mixture of the 8-bromo-2-chloro-5′H-spiro[chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine-10,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine (from step 6, 40.0 mg, 0.109 mmol), potassium acetate (27.3 μL, 0.436 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium (ii) (3.83 mg, 5.46 μmol) and 3-pyridylboronic acid (40.2 mg, 0.327 mmol) in 1.5 ml of dioxane/water=2:1 was heated at 110° C. under microwave irradiation for 15 min. LCMS and TLC showed incomplete conversion after 15 min. The reaction was re-heated in the microwave at 130° C. for 20 additional min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM to DCM/MeOH=100:1 to 100:5 to 100:10 to 100:20) to afford 2,8-di(pyridin-3-yl)-5′H-spiro[chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine-10,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine as a gum. MS (M+1): 408.0; and 2-chloro-8-(pyridin-3-yl)-5′H-spiro[chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine-10,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine also as a gum. MS (M+1): 365.0. The resulting reaction The reaction was quenched with 10% Na2S2O3 extracted with DCM dried over Na2SO4 evaporated to dryness to give crude 8-bromo-10-oxo-10H-chromeno[3,2-b]pyridine 1-oxide as a pale yellow solid the mixture was stirred at RT overnight The solvent was evaporated under vacuum was filtered washed with water, methanol and acetone in sequence dried

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The 3-Methoxycarbonyloxy-5-methylsulfanyl-isothiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester slurry was cooled to 0° C., and urea hydrogen peroxide addition compound (2.8 equiv, 12.8 g) was added. Trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (2.8 equiv, 19.2 mL, 28.4 g) was added dropwise over 20 minutes. The mixture stirred at 0° C. for 45 minutes, and quenched with sodium hydrogen sulfite (2.0 equiv, 10.0 g) in water (90 mL, 9 volumes) and stirred at 25° C. Most of the acetonitrile was removed under vacuum, then the aqueous residue was extracted once with 100 mL and once again with 50 mL dichloromethane to provide 5-Methanesulfonyl-3-methoxycarbonyloxy-isothiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester. was added stirred at 25° C Most of the acetonitrile was removed under vacuum the aqueous residue was extracted once with 100 mL and once again with 50 mL dichloromethane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To 5.00 g (24.7 mmol) 5-bromo-2-ethoxy-pyridine in 50 mL DCM are added 4.66 g (49.5 mmol) urea hydrogen peroxide. Then the mixture is chilled to 0° C. before 6.88 mL (49.5 mmol) TFA anhydride are added. Afterwards cooling is removed and the resulting mixture is stirred over night while the temperature raises to r.t. The solvent is removed in vacuo, water is added and the resulting mixture is extracted with DCM. The combined org. layers are dried over MgSO4, filtered and the sovent is removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified by column chromatography (silica gel, DCM/MeOH). are added Afterwards cooling is removed The solvent is removed in vacuo, water is added the resulting mixture is extracted with DCM layers are dried over MgSO4 filtered the sovent is removed in vacuo The crude product is purified by column chromatography (silica gel, DCM/MeOH)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The stabilities of further test formulations prepared in the same manner as described above, containing 6.5% urea peroxide, and 0.5% added succinic anhydride (Example 9), 0.5% acetanilide (Control D) and 0.5% 8-hydroxyquinoline (Control E) were compared by storage for varying periods at 40° C. and measurement of the residual hydrogen peroxide contents as aforesaid. The following results were obtained: The stabilities of further test formulations prepared in the same manner for varying periods at 40° C. The following results were obtained

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl-3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate (1.0 eq) is dissolved in EtOAc (6 vol). Water (0.3 vol) is added followed by urea-hydrogen peroxide (3 eq). The phthalic anhydride (3 eq) is added portion-wise as a solid to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C. After completion of phthalic anhydride addition, the mixture is heated to 45° C. After stirring for an additional 4 hours, the heat is turned off. 10% w/w aqueous Na2SO3 (1.5 eq) is added via addition funnel. After completion of Na2SO3 addition, the mixture is stirred for an additional 30 minutes and the layers separated. The organic layer is stirred and 10% w/w aq. Na2CO3 (2 eq) is added. After stirring for 30 minutes, the layers are allowed to separate. The organic phase is washed 13% w/v aq NaCl. The organic phase is then filtered and concentrated to afford crude 2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-3-methylpyridine-1-oxide (95%) that is used directly in the next step. to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C the mixture is stirred for an additional 30 minutes the layers separated The organic layer is stirred After stirring for 30 minutes to separate The organic phase is washed 13% The organic phase is then filtered concentrated

Conditions: temp:45.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: tert-Butyl-3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoate (1.0 eq) is dissolved in EtOAc (6 vol). Water (0.3 vol) is added followed by urea-hydrogen peroxide (3 eq). The phthalic anhydride (3 eq) is added portion-wise as a solid to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C. After completion of phthalic anhydride addition, the mixture is heated to 45° C. After stirring for an additional 4 hours, the heat is turned off. 10% w/w aqueous Na2SO3 (1.5 eq) is added via addition funnel. After completion of Na2SO3 addition, the mixture is stirred for an additional 30 minutes and the layers separated. The organic layer is stirred and 10% w/w aq. Na2CO3 (2 eq) is added. After stirring for 30 minutes, the layers are allowed to separate. The organic phase is washed 13% w/v aq NaCl. The organic phase is then filtered and concentrated to afford crude 2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-3-methylpyridine-1-oxide (95%) that is used directly in the next step. to maintain the temperature in the reactor below 45° C the mixture is stirred for an additional 30 minutes the layers separated The organic layer is stirred After stirring for 30 minutes to separate The organic phase is washed 13% The organic phase is then filtered concentrated