1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into 120 g of 60% NaH and 500 ml of toluene were added dropweise 329 g of butyl bromide and 486 g of diethylene glycol butyl ether at 50° C. Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (abbreviated as “DEG-DB” hereafter) was obtained by distillation (b.p.: 256° C. under normal pressure) from the reaction mixture. The solubility of glycolide in this compound at 25° C. was 1.8%.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:120.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 0.491 g of bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II)chloride, 0.371 g of triphenylphosphine and 2.6 g of imidazole are placed in a 200 ml glass autoclave, and then 8.01 g of 3-(trifluoromethyl)bromobenzene, 25 ml of formamide and 810.3 mg of diethylene glycol dibutylether are added as an internal gas chromatography (GC) standard. The autoclave is closed, flushed with nitrogen three times and then 5 bars carbon monoxide are applied. The reaction mixture is heated to 120° C. and stirred for 14 hours. The mixture is then cooled and the content determined by GC (0.8 ml of reaction mixture mixed with 5 ml of water, then 2 ml of diethylether added, and GC determination effected with the organic phase). The yield of title compound is 82% by weight. The autoclave is closed flushed with nitrogen three times The mixture is then cooled 0.8 ml of reaction mixture

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into 120 g of 60% NaH and 500 ml of toluene were added dropweise 329 g of butyl bromide and 486 g of diethylene glycol butyl ether at 50° C. Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (abbreviated as “DEG-DB” hereafter) was obtained by distillation (b.p.: 256° C. under normal pressure) from the reaction mixture. The solubility of glycolide in this compound at 25° C. was 1.8%.