N-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 500 ml four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a nitrogen gas introducing device, 5 g of polysuccinimide obtained in Synthetic Example 2 and 10 g of DMF were charged and dissolved at about 60° C., and then 0.25 g of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was added. As a result, heat was generated. After the reaction was continued for 30 minutes, the temperature in the system was reduced to about 35° C., 1 g of a pregelatinized starch was charged. After the atmosphere in the four-necked flask was replaced by a nitrogen gas, 7.5 mg of 2,2-azobisaminodipropane dihydrochloride, 5 mg of ascorbic acid and 57 mg of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35%) solution were respectively dissolved in 1 g of ion exchange water. The resulting solutions were added to the above aqueous solution, and then the mixture was heated to about 60° C. and maintained for three hours ((1) first step). To the polymer obtained by this step, 25 g of acrylic acid and 25 mg of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide were added. After the atmosphere in the four-necked flask was replaced by a nitrogen gas, 7.5 g of 2,2-azobisaminodipropane dihydrochloride, 5 mg of ascorbic acid and 57 mg of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35%) solution were respectively dissolved again in 1 g of ion exchange water. The resulting solutions were added to the above aqueous solution in this sequence, and then the mixture was heated again to about 60° C. and maintained at the same temperature for three hours ((1) second step). 1.2 g of hexamethylenediamine was dissolved in 20 g of ion exchange water and the resulting solution was added to the above aqueous solution, and then the reaction was conducted. Furthermore, 10.4 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 30 g of ion exchange water and the resulting solution was added, thereby to neutralize carboxyl groups originating in acrylic acid ((1) third step). The resulting gel-like product was dried at 110° C. by a vacuum drier and the resulting dry solid was ground to obtain a water absorbent material of the present invention. The evaluation results of characteristics of the resulting water absorbent material are shown in Table 2. In a 500 ml four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer were charged dissolved at about 60° C. As a result, heat was reduced to about 35° C. The resulting solutions were added to the above aqueous solution

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The methods according to the present invention starting the methyl, ethyl, or butyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid (R2 =methyl, ethyl, butyl) are particularly preferred, since they can be carried out on a technical scale and the alcohols which are cleaved in both reactions (R2OH of IV) can be easily removed from the reaction mixture. The embodiment employing primary amines should be particularly mentioned, i.e. wherein R3 represents hydrogen. Further, R4 preferably stands for a substituent which imparts to the amine a boiling point of 80° C. or more. Further, reaction with an aminoalkyl amine, particularly with dialkylaminoalkyl amines such as dimethylaminopropyl amine, or with dimethylaminoneopentyl amine inter alia is of interest, as is reaction with an aralkyl amine, and an aromatic amine such as aniline, naphthylamine, and benzylamine, as well as reaction with an alkylene diamine to form a bis-acrylamide or bis-methacrylamide. can be easily removed from the reaction mixture Further, reaction with an aminoalkyl amine

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The methods according to the present invention starting the methyl, ethyl, or butyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid (R2 =methyl, ethyl, butyl) are particularly preferred, since they can be carried out on a technical scale and the alcohols which are cleaved in both reactions (R2OH of IV) can be easily removed from the reaction mixture. The embodiment employing primary amines should be particularly mentioned, i.e. wherein R3 represents hydrogen. Further, R4 preferably stands for a substituent which imparts to the amine a boiling point of 80° C. or more. Further, reaction with an aminoalkyl amine, particularly with dialkylaminoalkyl amines such as dimethylaminopropyl amine, or with dimethylaminoneopentyl amine inter alia is of interest, as is reaction with an aralkyl amine, and an aromatic amine such as aniline, naphthylamine, and benzylamine, as well as reaction with an alkylene diamine to form a bis-acrylamide or bis-methacrylamide. can be easily removed from the reaction mixture Further, reaction with an aminoalkyl amine

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 850 ml of anhydrous triethylamine and 92.5 g (0.6 mol) of N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are initially introduced into a 2.5 liter sulphonation flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel. 220 g (approximately 2 mols) of trimethylchlorosilane are then added dropwise, whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath, in such a way that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 15°-25° C. A little sulphur is then added, as a polymerisation inhibitor, to the reaction mixture, which is stirred overnight at 60° C. The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off, the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine, and the filtrates are finally combined and distilled in vacuo. 108 g of N,N'-bis-trimethylsilyl-N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are obtained as a fraction distilling at 120° C/0.8 mm Hg. equipped with a stirrer whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath does not exceed 15°-25° C The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 850 ml of anhydrous triethylamine and 92.5 g (0.6 mol) of N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are initially introduced into a 2.5 liter sulphonation flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel. 220 g (approximately 2 mols) of trimethylchlorosilane are then added dropwise, whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath, in such a way that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 15°-25° C. A little sulphur is then added, as a polymerisation inhibitor, to the reaction mixture, which is stirred overnight at 60° C. The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off, the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine, and the filtrates are finally combined and distilled in vacuo. 108 g of N,N'-bis-trimethylsilyl-N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are obtained as a fraction distilling at 120° C/0.8 mm Hg. equipped with a stirrer whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath does not exceed 15°-25° C The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:60.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 850 ml of anhydrous triethylamine and 92.5 g (0.6 mol) of N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are initially introduced into a 2.5 liter sulphonation flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel. 220 g (approximately 2 mols) of trimethylchlorosilane are then added dropwise, whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath, in such a way that the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 15°-25° C. A little sulphur is then added, as a polymerisation inhibitor, to the reaction mixture, which is stirred overnight at 60° C. The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off, the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine, and the filtrates are finally combined and distilled in vacuo. 108 g of N,N'-bis-trimethylsilyl-N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide are obtained as a fraction distilling at 120° C/0.8 mm Hg. equipped with a stirrer whilst cooling occasionally with an ice bath does not exceed 15°-25° C The following day, the triethylamine hydrochloride which has precipitated is filtered off the filter cake is washed with approximately 300 ml of triethylamine distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In some experiments, an urea/acetic acid-PAGE system (Panyim, S., and Chalkley, R. (1969) High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histories. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 130, 337-346) was used instead of SDS-PAGE to compare the effects of SDS on the capacity of the mAbs to detect the heparin lyases in Western blots. Stock solutions used in the preparation of the urea/acetic acid-PAGE gels were prepared as follows. A 60% acrylamide solution was prepared by dissolving 60 g acrylamide and 0.4 g N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide in 1 00 mL of distilled water. A 43.2% acetic acid/TEMED stock solution was prepared by mixing 43.2 mL acetic acid, 4.0 mL TEMED and 52.8 mL distilled water. APS/urea was prepared by dissolving 5 mg APS in 25 mL of 1 0M urea. were prepared distilled water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In some experiments, an urea/acetic acid-PAGE system (Panyim, S., and Chalkley, R. (1969) High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histories. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 130, 337-346) was used instead of SDS-PAGE to compare the effects of SDS on the capacity of the mAbs to detect the heparin lyases in Western blots. Stock solutions used in the preparation of the urea/acetic acid-PAGE gels were prepared as follows. A 60% acrylamide solution was prepared by dissolving 60 g acrylamide and 0.4 g N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide in 1 00 mL of distilled water. A 43.2% acetic acid/TEMED stock solution was prepared by mixing 43.2 mL acetic acid, 4.0 mL TEMED and 52.8 mL distilled water. APS/urea was prepared by dissolving 5 mg APS in 25 mL of 1 0M urea. were prepared distilled water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In some experiments, an urea/acetic acid-PAGE system (Panyim, S., and Chalkley, R. (1969) High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histones. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 130, 337-346) was used instead of SDS-PAGE to compare the effects of SDS on the capacity of the mAbs to detect the heparin lyases in Western blots. Stock solutions used in the preparation of the urea/acetic acid-PAGE gels were prepared as follows. A 60% acrylamide solution was prepared by dissolving 60 g acrylamide and 0.4 g N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide in 1 00 mL of distilled water. A 43.2% acetic acid/TEMED stock solution was prepared by mixing 43.2 mL acetic acid, 4.0 mL TEMED and 52.8 mL distilled water. APS/urea was prepared by dissolving 5 mg APS in 25 mL of 10M urea. were prepared distilled water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In some experiments, an urea/acetic acid-PAGE system (Panyim, S., and Chalkley, R. (1969) High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histones. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 130, 337-346) was used instead of SDS-PAGE to compare the effects of SDS on the capacity of the mAbs to detect the heparin lyases in Western blots. Stock solutions used in the preparation of the urea/acetic acid-PAGE gels were prepared as follows. A 60% acrylamide solution was prepared by dissolving 60 g acrylamide and 0.4 g N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide in 1 00 mL of distilled water. A 43.2% acetic acid/TEMED stock solution was prepared by mixing 43.2 mL acetic acid, 4.0 mL TEMED and 52.8 mL distilled water. APS/urea was prepared by dissolving 5 mg APS in 25 mL of 10M urea. were prepared distilled water

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 20.0 parts by weight of methacrylamide trimethylammonium hydrochloride as a main monomer of a polymer gel for a light scattering member was added to 33 parts by weight of distilled water. A solution formed by dissolving 0.1 part by weight of ammonium persulfate in 2 parts by weight of distilled water, 10.0 parts by weight of titanium oxide having an average diameter of 0.2 μm (refractive index: 2.7) as a light scattering material and 0.1 part by weight of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent were added to the resulting solution, to prepare a uniform solution by sufficiently stirring. The resulting dispersion solution was added, in a beaker, to a solution obtained by dissolving 1.0 part by weight of a sorbitol series surface active agent (Sorgen 50, trade name, produced by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) as a dispersion stabilizer in 100 parts by weight of cyclohexane, followed by substituting with nitrogen, and then emulsified by stirring at a high speed with a rotary stirring blade at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes. A solution formed were added to the resulting solution to prepare a uniform solution The resulting dispersion solution was added, in a beaker, to a solution obtained

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a one-liter, 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with a heating mantle, nitrogen bubbler, stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser were added 200 ml of deionized water and 75 g of sodium chloride. The solution was stirred under nitrogen for 30 minutes at room temperature and a solution of 30.0 g of 4-vinylpyridine, 3.0 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.2 g of azobisisobutyronitrile in 90 ml of diisobutylketone was added. The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to between about 65° C. and about 70° C. with rapid stirring (200 rpm). After about 30 minutes some precipitate formed. To a one-liter, 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with a heating mantle, nitrogen bubbler, stirrer thermometer and reflux condenser The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to between about 65° C. and about 70° C. with rapid stirring (200 rpm) After about 30 minutes some precipitate formed