butyl butanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Tin metal supported on silica gel is described as a vapor phase aldol catalyst by Swift, Bozik, and Massota, in Catalysis 15 407 (1969). Swift also describes the vapor phase reaction of n-butyraldehyde with tin metal supported on silica gel in U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,878. The product of the reaction is 2-ethylhexenal in 95 percent selectivity, at 40 percent n-butyraldehyde conversion. Japanese workers have described the simple Tischenko reaction of aldehydes in Japan Kokai No. 76/39,619 using dibutyltin oxide. The products claimed were simple esters, for example, n-butyraldehyde reacted in the presence of dibutyltin oxide to form butylbutyrate in approximately 45 percent yield. The catalyst and process described by this invention produce only traces of simple esters (less than 1 percent).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Further n-butyraldehyde is supplied to nozzle 123 in second vaporiser 122 by way of line 124. Reference numeral 125 indicates a distribution tray. A hot vaporous mixture comprising unreacted hydrogen from first catalytic stage 116, product n-butanol, inerts, and a minor amount of by-products, e.g. n-butyl n-butyrate, also formed in first catalytic stage 116, exits vaporiser 122 overhead in line 126 at a temperature of 105° C. After passage through a heater 127, supplied with a suitable heating medium, e.g. steam, in line 128, the mixture passes on in line 129 at a temperature of 125° C. to second catalytic stage 130. The aldehyde is quantitatively hydrogenated, n-butanol being the major product, under adiabatic conditions. The temperature of the vaporous reaction mixture exiting second catalytic stage 130 in line 131 is 195° C. After heat recovery in heat exchanger 132 by indirect heat exchange with a cooling medium, e.g. boiler feed water, supplied in line 133, the reaction mixture, now at 150° C. passes on in line 109 to heat exchanger 108.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Tin metal supported on silica gel is described as a vapor phase aldol catalyst by Swift, Bozik, and Massota, in Catalysis 15 407 (1969). Swift also describes the vapor phase reaction of n-butyraldehyde with tin metal supported on silica gel in U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,878. The product of the reaction is 2-ethylhexenal in 95 percent selectivity, at 40 percent n-butyraldehyde conversion. Japanese workers have described the simple Tischenko reaction of aldehydes in Japan Kokai No. 76/39,619 using dibutyltin oxide. The products claimed were simple esters, for example, n-butyraldehyde reacted in the presence of dibutyltin oxide to form butylbutyrate in approximately 45 percent yield. The catalyst and process described by this invention produce only traces of simple esters (less than 1 percent).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Tin metal supported on silica gel is described as a vapor phase aldol catalyst by Swift, Bozik, and Massota, in Catalysis 15 407 (1969). Swift also describes the vapor phase reaction of n-butyraldehyde with tin metal supported on silica gel in U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,878. The product of the reaction is 2-ethylhexenal in 95 percent selectivity, at 40 percent n-butyraldehyde conversion. Japanese workers have described the simple Tischenko reaction of aldehydes in Japan Kokai No. 76/39,619 using dibutyltin oxide. The products claimed were simple esters, for example, n-butyraldehyde reacted in the presence of dibutyltin oxide to form butylbutyrate in approximately 45 percent yield. The catalyst and process described by this invention produce only traces of simple esters (less than 1 percent).

Conditions: temp:90.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 15 mL of n-butanol and 0.5 g of the above-mentioned catalyst were sealed in a 100 mL autoclave equipped with a rotary agitator. The interior of the system was then pressurized to 0.3 MPa with oxygen, after which the temperature was raised to 90° C. under stirring, and this temperature was maintained for 5 hours. During this time the supply of oxygen was continued so as to maintain the above-mentioned internal pressure. The system was then cooled and the seal broken, and the reaction solution was analyzed, which revealed the n-butanol conversion to be 28%, and the butyl n-butyrate (the product) selectivity and yield to be 79% and 22%, respectively. equipped with a rotary agitator this temperature was maintained for 5 hours to maintain the above-mentioned internal pressure The system was then cooled

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: GC-MS revealed crotyl butyrate and hexyl acetate as two of the trace chemicals in fraction #2. Recombining crotyl butyrate, but not hexyl acetate, with butyl butyrate gave capture rates equalling that of the complete extract and approaching that of the five live-caged females (Table 1, Experiment 5).

Conditions: temp:25.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The racemic ester, (R,S)-Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl butyrate, (750 g) prepared by the method described in literature by Fadnavis and co-workers (Fadnavis, N. W.; Luke Babu, R.; Sheelu, G.; DeshpandeA Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3303–3309) is dissolved in a mixture of hexane (11 lit) and n-butanol (700 ml). The enzyme lipase from Candida rugosa (EC 3.1.1.3, Type VII, Sigma, USA) was immobilized in gelatin matrix according to the procedure described in literature by Fadnavis and Koteshwar (Fadnavis, N. W. and Koteshwar, K. Biotechnology Progress, 1999, 15, 98–104). The enzyme powder of average particle size 1 mm (1.5 Kg powder, 250 g enzyme) was placed in the reactor and the reaction mixture of the racemic ester in hexane was circulated at a flow rate of 85 ml/min through the enzyme reactor. The reaction temperature was maintained at 25° C. by means of a constant temperature circulating water bath. The progress of the reaction was monitored by chiral HPLC as described in literature by Fadnavis and co-workers (Fadnavis, N. W.; Luke Babu, R.; Sheelu. G.; Deshpande. A. J. Chromatography A 2000, 189–193). The reaction was continued till almost all of the (R)-ester had reacted (8 h, 49% conversion) and the reaction came to a standstill. The reaction mixture was then drained from the bioreactor and the cycle was repeated The recovered reaction mixture consisting of unreacted (S)-ester, (R)-α-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-benzeneacetonitrile and butyl butyrate was then treated further to obtain (S)-α-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-benzeneacetonitrile as described in literature by Fadnavis and co-workers (Fadnavis, N. W.; Luke Babu, R.; Sheelu, G.; Deshpande, A. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2001, 12, 1695–1699). The enzyme placed in the bioreactor was used over 50 cycles over a period of one month without loss of activity (<5%). had reacted (8 h, 49% conversion) The recovered reaction mixture was then treated further

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Further n-butyraldehyde is supplied to nozzle 123 in second vaporiser 122 by way of line 124. Reference numeral 125 indicates a distribution tray. A hot vaporous mixture comprising unreacted hydrogen from first catalytic stage 116, product n-butanol, inerts, and a minor amount of by-products, e.g. n-butyl n-butyrate, also formed in first catalytic stage 116, exits vaporiser 122 overhead in line 126 at a temperature of 105° C. After passage through a heater 127, supplied with a suitable heating medium, e.g. steam, in line 128, the mixture passes on in line 129 at a temperature of 125° C. to second catalytic stage 130. The aldehyde is quantitatively hydrogenated, n-butanol being the major product, under adiabatic conditions. The temperature of the vaporous reaction mixture exiting second catalytic stage 130 in line 131 is 195° C. After heat recovery in heat exchanger 132 by indirect heat exchange with a cooling medium, e.g. boiler feed water, supplied in line 133, the reaction mixture, now at 150° C. passes on in line 109 to heat exchanger 108.