1,4-diethylbenzene

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: For example, benzene and ethylene at a mole ratio of 1:2 to 10:1 yield p-diethylbenzene besides ethylbenzene. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.); toluene and 1-octene yield p-ethyltoluene and a mixture of n- and isopropyl toluene rich in p-isomer. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a mixed solvent of dried 1-methylpyrrolidine (6.0 ml.) and triethylamine (10.0 ml.) were added potassium tertiary-butoxide (11.7 g., 104 mmoles), 4.15 ml. 1,4-diethylbenzene (3.60 g. 26.8 mmoles). The flask was flushed with nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred in an ice-water bath for 15 minutes. n-Butyllithium (2.50M.) (8.0 ml, 20.0 mmoles) was charged dropwise into the flask over a period of 10 minutes. A red suspension developed upon additions of n-butyllithium. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was carbonated with 200 ml. of dry-ice inside a dry-box under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting white solid mass was then hydrolyzed with water (3 ml.) on the next morning. After removal of all volatile components under vacuum, the solid paste was dissolved in water and washed with pentane. The aqueous layer was acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4-ethylphenylpropionic acid (2.76 g., 15.5 moles), corresponding to a yield of 77.5% based on n-butyllithium. The flask was flushed with nitrogen The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling After completion of the reaction After removal of all volatile components under vacuum the solid paste was dissolved in water washed with pentane extracted with ether The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: For example, benzene and ethylene at a mole ratio of 1:2 to 10:1 yield p-diethylbenzene besides ethylbenzene. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.); toluene and 1-octene yield p-ethyltoluene and a mixture of n- and isopropyl toluene rich in p-isomer. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: For example, benzene and ethylene at a mole ratio of 1:2 to 10:1 yield p-diethylbenzene besides ethylbenzene. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.); toluene and 1-octene yield p-ethyltoluene and a mixture of n- and isopropyl toluene rich in p-isomer. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: For example, benzene and ethylene at a mole ratio of 1:2 to 10:1 yield p-diethylbenzene besides ethylbenzene. (p = 400 psig, Temp. = 800° F.); toluene and 1-octene yield p-ethyltoluene and a mixture of n- and isopropyl toluene rich in p-isomer. (p = 400 psig, Temp. = 800° F.)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Divinylbenzene can be prepared by the dehydrogenation of diethylbenzene. For example, there is a description in EP 0217492 A1 that the dehydrogenation of para-diethylbenzene with a purity of 93% in the presence of an alkaline dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of 620° to 630° C. and at a steam to diethylbenzene ratio (hereinafter referred to as S/D ratio) of 2 to 4 (by weight) occurred at a conversion of approximately 80% to yield approximately 38% by weight of para-divinylbenzene and approximately 30% by weight of para-ethylvinylbenzene. Another description is found in Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho No. Sho 62-45,542 (1987) that diethylbenzene was dehydrogenated to divinylbenzene at a conversion of approximately 78% with a selectivity (mol) to divinylbenzene of approximately 55% under the conditions where the inlet temperature of the catalyst layer was 620° C., the LHSV based on diethylbenzene was 1 hr-1 and the S/D ratio was 3. at a temperature of 620° to 630° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a mixed solvent of dried 1-methylpyrrolidine (6.0 ml.) and triethylamine (10.0 ml.) were added potassium tertiary-butoxide (11.7 g., 104 mmoles), 4.15 ml. 1,4-diethylbenzene (3.60 g., 26.8 mmoles). The flask was flushed with nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred in an ice-water bath for 15 minutes. n-Butyllithium (2.50 M.) (8.0 ml, 20.0 mmoles) was charged dropwise into the flask over a period of 10 minutes. A red suspension developed upon additions of n-butyllithium. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was carbonated with 200 ml. of dry-ice inside a dry-box under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting white solid mass was then hydrolyzed with water (3 ml.) on the next morning. After removal of all volatile components under vacuum, the solid paste was dissolved in water and washed with pentane. The aqueous layer was acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4-ethylphenylpropionic acid (2.76 g., 15.5 moles), corresponding to a yield of 77.5% based on n-butyllithium. The flask was flushed with nitrogen The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling After completion of the reaction After removal of all volatile components under vacuum the solid paste was dissolved in water washed with pentane extracted with ether The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a mixed solvent of dried 1-methylpyrrolidine (6.0 ml.) and triethylamine (10.0 ml.) were added potassium tertiary-butoxide (11.7 g., 104 mmoles), 4.15 ml. 1,4-diethylbenzene (3.60 g. 26.8 mmoles). The flask was flushed with nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred in an ice-water bath for 15 minutes. n-Butyllithium (2.50M.) (8.0 ml, 20.0 mmoles) was charged dropwise into the flask over a period of 10 minutes. A red suspension developed upon additions of n-butyllithium. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was carbonated with 200 ml. of dry-ice inside a dry-box under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting white solid mass was then hydrolyzed with water (3 ml.) on the next morning. After removal of all volatile components under vacuum, the solid paste was dissolved in water and washed with pentane. The aqueous layer was acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4-ethylphenylpropionic acid (2.76 g., 15.5 moles), corresponding to a yield of 77.5% based on n-butyllithium. The flask was flushed with nitrogen The mixture was stirred for 5 hours under ice-water cooling After completion of the reaction After removal of all volatile components under vacuum the solid paste was dissolved in water washed with pentane extracted with ether The combined ether extracts were dried over sodium sulfate filtered concentrated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: For example, benzene and ethylene at a mole ratio of 1:2 to 10:1 yield p-diethylbenzene besides ethylbenzene. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.); toluene and 1-octene yield p-ethyltoluene and a mixture of n- and isopropyl toluene rich in p-isomer. (p=400 psig, Temp.=800° F.)