formaldehyde;urea

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A urea-formaldehyde prepolymer solution is prepared by heating an aqueous solution of two-hundred-twenty grams of 37% formaldehyde and 82 grams of urea, adjusted to pH 8 with triethanolamine, at 70° C for one hour. Fifty grams of this prepolymer solution are mixed with thirty grams of a 50% by weight dispersion of titanium dioxide in distilled water, and adjusted to pH 6 with dilute sulfuric acid. The aqueous dispersion is emulsified in a solution of six grams of Pluronic L122, three grams of sorbitan monooleate (commerically available as Span 80 from ICI America) and 1.5 grams of a poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer with 30% poly(oxyethylene) and a molecular weight of about 2500 (commercially available as Pluronic L 63) in one-hundred grams of xylene to yield a water-in-oil emulsion. This is treated with four milliliters of a 50% by weight solution of monobutyl acid phosphate in toluene and stirred for two hours.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A second type of hardening compound of urea and formaldehyde which reacts well with gelatin glue is disclosed. The reaction product of urea and formaldehyde via the condensation product pathways yields a urea formaldehyde (UF) Resin which reacts with the gelatin glue as illustrated by the above described pathway. To prepare this type of compound, a mixture of urea and formaldehyde in a ratio of 1:1.7 to 1:2.4 at a pH of 8-10 is heated at approximately 80° C.-100° C. for 30 to 45 minutes. The pH is then reduced to 5 with CH3COOH and heated for another 5 to 10 minutes. The mixture is then neutralized and cooled down rapidly.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A second type of hardening compound of urea and formaldehyde which reacts well with gelatin glue is disclosed. The reaction product of urea and formaldehyde via the condensation product pathways yields a urea formaldehyde (UF) Resin which reacts with the gelatin glue as illustrated by the above described pathway. To prepare this type of compound, a mixture of urea and formaldehyde in a ratio of 1:1.7 to 1:2.4 at a pH of 8-10 is heated at approximately 80° C.-100° C. for 30 to 45 minutes. The pH is then reduced to 5 with CH3COOH and heated for another 5 to 10 minutes. The mixture is then neutralized and cooled down rapidly.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 8.9 kg of urea and 20.5 kg of formalin (37%-formaldehyde aqueous solution adjusted to pH 8.5 with triethanolamine) were mixed under stirring and allowed to react with each other for 60 min. at 70° C. to form a urea resin prepolymer (formaldehyde/urea=1.8 (by mol)) liquid. to react with each other for 60 min. at 70° C.

Conditions: temp:70.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 30%-urea aqueous solution (11) at 15.2 kg/h and formalin (37%-formaldehyde aqueous solution adjusted to pH 8.0 by addition of 20%-triethanolamine aqueous solution) (12) at 11.1 kg/h were supplied to a resin prepolymer reaction vessel (13), and were caused to reside therein for 70 min. at 70° C. under stirring to continuously produce a urea resin prepolymer (formaldehyde/urea=1.8 (by mol)) liquid.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A process for manufacturing microcapsules by dissolving or dispersing microcapsule contents in an aqueous solution of acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymer and/or acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymer, then polymerizing urea and/or melamine and formaldehyde in the solution or dispersion adjusted to pH 2.5~6.0, and forming film of urea-formaldehyde copolymer, melamine-formaldehyde copolymer, or urea-melamine-formaldehyde copolymer around capusle contents. by dissolving

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A process for manufacturing microcapsules by dissolving or dispersing microcapsule contents in an aqueous solution of acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymer and/or acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymer, then polymerizing urea and/or melamine and formaldehyde in the solution or dispersion adjusted to pH 2.5~6.0, and forming film of urea-formaldehyde copolymer, melamine-formaldehyde copolymer, or urea-melamine-formaldehyde copolymer around capusle contents. by dissolving

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A urea-formaldehyde prepolymer solution is prepared by heating an aqueous solution of two-hundred-twenty grams of 37% formaldehyde and 82 grams of urea, adjusted to pH 8 with triethanolamine, at 70° C for one hour. Fifty grams of this prepolymer solution are mixed with thirty grams of a 50% by weight dispersion of titanium dioxide in distilled water, and adjusted to pH 6 with dilute sulfuric acid. The aqueous dispersion is emulsified in a solution of six grams of Pluronic L122, three grams of sorbitan monooleate (commerically available as Span 80 from ICI America) and 1.5 grams of a poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer with 30% poly(oxyethylene) and a molecular weight of about 2500 (commercially available as Pluronic L 63) in one-hundred grams of xylene to yield a water-in-oil emulsion. This is treated with four milliliters of a 50% by weight solution of monobutyl acid phosphate in toluene and stirred for two hours.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A urea-formaldehyde prepolymer solution is prepared by heating an aqueous solution of two-hundred-twenty grams of 37% formaldehyde and 82 grams of urea, adjusted to pH 8 with triethanolamine, at 70° C for one hour. Fifty grams of this prepolymer solution are mixed with thirty grams of a 50% by weight dispersion of titanium dioxide in distilled water, and adjusted to pH 6 with dilute sulfuric acid. The aqueous dispersion is emulsified in a solution of six grams of Pluronic L122, three grams of sorbitan monooleate (commerically available as Span 80 from ICI America) and 1.5 grams of a poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer with 30% poly(oxyethylene) and a molecular weight of about 2500 (commercially available as Pluronic L 63) in one-hundred grams of xylene to yield a water-in-oil emulsion. This is treated with four milliliters of a 50% by weight solution of monobutyl acid phosphate in toluene and stirred for two hours.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A second type of hardening compound of urea and formaldehyde which reacts well with gelatin glue is disclosed. The reaction product of urea and formaldehyde via the condensation product pathways yields a urea formaldehyde (UF) Resin which reacts with the gelatin glue as illustrated by the above described pathway. To prepare this type of compound, a mixture of urea and formaldehyde in a ratio of 1:1.7 to 1:2.4 at a pH of 8-10 is heated at approximately 80° C.-100° C. for 30 to 45 minutes. The pH is then reduced to 5 with CH3COOH and heated for another 5 to 10 minutes. The mixture is then neutralized and cooled down rapidly.

Conditions: temp:24.51; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Samples of phenol-formaldehyde resole (herein referred to as “Comparative Example 3a”) and phenol-formaldehyde resole modified with urea-formaldehyde condensate prepared according to Example 2 (herein referred to as “Example 3b”) were made to premix solutions in the following manner: To each of these solutions, a 50% solids solution of urea was added to give a final ratio of about 37 wt % added urea to about 63 wt % resin solids, for a total of about 240 g of both the Comparative Example 3a resin mix and the Example 3b resin. Each was mixed until the urea dissolved. Each of these solutions was then seeded with a catalytic amount (0.15 g) of isolated tetradimer, and the solutions were slowly agitated at 75-77° F. (24-25° C.) to simulate a customer's mix tank. prepared to premix solutions in the following manner to give a final ratio of about 37 wt % for a total of about 240 g of both the Comparative Example 3a resin mix dissolved

Conditions: temp:24.51; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Samples of phenol-formaldehyde resole (herein referred to as “Comparative Example 3a”) and phenol-formaldehyde resole modified with urea-formaldehyde condensate prepared according to Example 2 (herein referred to as “Example 3b”) were made to premix solutions in the following manner: To each of these solutions, a 50% solids solution of urea was added to give a final ratio of about 37 wt % added urea to about 63 wt % resin solids, for a total of about 240 g of both the Comparative Example 3a resin mix and the Example 3b resin. Each was mixed until the urea dissolved. Each of these solutions was then seeded with a catalytic amount (0.15 g) of isolated tetradimer, and the solutions were slowly agitated at 75-77° F. (24-25° C.) to simulate a customer's mix tank. prepared to premix solutions in the following manner to give a final ratio of about 37 wt % for a total of about 240 g of both the Comparative Example 3a resin mix dissolved