1-(Bromomethyl)-2-fluoro-4-iodobenzene

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-benzyl bromide (Intermediate 1, 2.56 g, 8.15 mmol) in ethanol (55 mL and water (10 mL) was treated with sodium cyanide (2.15 g, 43.86 mmol) and refluxed for 0.5 h. The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether (×2). The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (2.05 g, 96%). refluxed for 0.5 h The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo the residue was diluted with water extracted with diethyl ether (×2) The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1) dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate filtered evaporated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2.09 g (10 mmol) of the compound from Example VIII, 3.14 g (10 mmol) of 2-fluoro-4-iodobenzyl bromide and 2.11 g (11 mmol) of caesium carbonate in 40 ml of DME is stirred at 20° C. under argon for 16 hours. The solvent is then removed in vacuo, the residue is taken up in methylene chloride/water, the aqueous phase is extracted once with methylene chloride and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. The residue is purified on silica gel using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (5:1 and 3:1). The solvent is then removed in vacuo the aqueous phase is extracted once with methylene chloride the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate concentrated The residue is purified on silica gel

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-Fluoro-4-iodo-1-methylbenzene (2.0 g, 8.6 mmol) was dissovled in carbon tetrachloride (10 mL), treated with N-bromosuccinimide (1.5 g, 8.6 mmol, 1 equiv) and benzoyl peroxide (9.0 mg, 0.004 equiv) and placed into an oil bath preheated to 80° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, providing the titled compound. placed into an oil bath filtered the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-benzyl bromide (Intermediate 1, 2.56 g, 8.15 mmol) in ethanol (55 mL and water (10 mL) was treated with sodium cyanide (2.15 g, 43.86 mmol) and refluxed for 0.5 h. The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether (×2). The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (2.05 g, 96%). refluxed for 0.5 h The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo the residue was diluted with water extracted with diethyl ether (×2) The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1) dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate filtered evaporated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-benzyl bromide (Intermediate 1, 2.56 g, 8.15 mmol) in ethanol (55 mL and water (10 mL) was treated with sodium cyanide (2.15 g, 43.86 mmol) and refluxed for 0.5 h. The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether (×2). The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (2.05 g, 96%). refluxed for 0.5 h The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo the residue was diluted with water extracted with diethyl ether (×2) The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1) dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate filtered evaporated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2.09 g (10 mmol) of the compound from Example VIII, 3.14 g (10 mmol) of 2-fluoro-4-iodobenzyl bromide and 2.11 g (11 mmol) of caesium carbonate in 40 ml of DME is stirred at 20° C. under argon for 16 hours. The solvent is then removed in vacuo, the residue is taken up in methylene chloride/water, the aqueous phase is extracted once with methylene chloride and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. The residue is purified on silica gel using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (5:1 and 3:1). The solvent is then removed in vacuo the aqueous phase is extracted once with methylene chloride the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate concentrated The residue is purified on silica gel

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4-Ethyl-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde (6.32 g, 38.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (10.57 g, 76.5 mmol), and 2-fluoro-4-iodobenzyl bromide (13.90 g of 86%, 38.0 mmol) were added together with 50 mL of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight under N2. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic mixture was washed with H2O and brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The crude product mixture was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 30-50% EtOAc/hexane) to yield 10.63 g orange oil (70%). MS m/e 401.0, [M+H]+ ; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.95 (t, 3H, CH3), 1.32 (t, 3H, CH3), 1.70 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.60 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.82 (q, 2H, CH2), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH2Ar), 6.42 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.38 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.42 (d, 1H, ArH), 9.73 (s, 1H, CHO). ##STR62## The solvent was removed in vacuo the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O The two layers were separated The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc The combined organic mixture was washed with H2O and brine dried over MgSO4 concentrated The crude product mixture was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 30-50% EtOAc/hexane)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4-Ethyl-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde (6.32 g, 38.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (10.57 g, 76.5 mmol), and 2-fluoro-4-iodobenzyl bromide (13.90 g of 86%, 38.0 mmol) were added together with 50 mL of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight under N2. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic mixture was washed with H2O and brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The crude product mixture was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 30-50% EtOAc/hexane) to yield 10.63 g orange oil (70%). MS m/e 401.0, [M+H]+ ; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.95 (t, 3H, CH3), 1.32 (t, 3H, CH3), 1.70 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.60 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.82 (q, 2H, CH2), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH2Ar), 6.42 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.38 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.42 (d, 1H, ArH), 9.73 (s, 1H, CHO). ##STR62## The solvent was removed in vacuo the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O The two layers were separated The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc The combined organic mixture was washed with H2O and brine dried over MgSO4 concentrated The crude product mixture was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 30-50% EtOAc/hexane)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-benzyl bromide (Intermediate 1, 2.56 g, 8.15 mmol) in ethanol (55 mL and water (10 mL) was treated with sodium cyanide (2.15 g, 43.86 mmol) and refluxed for 0.5 h. The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether (×2). The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (2.05 g, 96%). refluxed for 0.5 h The volatiles were distilled off in vacuo the residue was diluted with water extracted with diethyl ether (×2) The combined organic extract was washed with water (×1) and brine (×1) dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate filtered evaporated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-1-methylbenzene (50 g, 210 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (490 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (42 g, 230 mmol) and 2,21-azobisiso-butyronitrile (100 mg, 0.60 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to reflux and maintained under reflux conditions for 5 h. The reaction was then cooled, concentrated, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the resulting dark red residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford a 4:1 mixture (58 g) of 1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluoro-4-iodobenzene (49 g, 73%) and 2-fluoro-4-iodo-1-methylbenzene (9 g, 17%) as a red solid. 1H NMR (product) (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.13 (t, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H). The resulting solution was heated to reflux maintained under reflux conditions for 5 h The reaction was then cooled concentrated filtered The filtrate was concentrated the resulting dark red residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Part A. In a flame-dried 1-L flask was combined anhydrous methyl alcohol (1.4 L), 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride (25 g, 140 mmol), 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-furyl)-1,3-butanedione (30 g, 140 mmol), and trifluoroacetic acid (1.1 mL, 14 mmol). The resulting red slurry was maintained at rt for 14 h. A 50% solution of isopropyl alcohol/water (500 mL) was then added, and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 min. The mixture was filtered; additional material precipitated from the filtrate upon standing, and the new mixture was filtered. After another 3 h, the resulting filtrate was filtered a third time, and the combined beige solid was oven dried under vacuum to afford 5-(2-furyl)-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (42 g, 96%) as a light brown solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.42(m, 1H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.33 (dd, 1H), 5.90 (d, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H). Part B. To the product from Part B (20 g, 65 mmol) was added water (410 mL), 5% aqueous sodium dihydrogenphosphate (270 mL), and tert-butanol (410 mL). The resulting mixture was warmed to 60° C., and potassium permanganate (63, 400 mmol) was added over a period of 1.5 h. After an additional 10 min, the resulting purple slurry was cooled to 0° C., and the reaction was quenched by the addition of 400 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite. The resulting brown slurry was filtered, washed with 500 mL of water, and the filtrate was acidified to pH 1 with concentrated aqueous hydrogen chloride. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (6×150 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. Concentration afforded 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (16 g, 85%) as a light yellow solid. MS (APCI+): 328.2 (M+H+ CH3CN)+. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H). Part C. To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-iodo-1-methylbenzene (50 g, 210 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (490 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (42 g, 230 mmol) and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (100 mg, 0.60 mmol). The resulting solution was heated to reflux and maintained under reflux conditions for 5 h. The reaction was then cooled, concentrated, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the resulting dark red residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford a 4:1 mixture (58 g) of 1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluoro-4-iodobenzene (49 g, 73%) and 2-fluoro-4-iodo-1-methylbenzene (9 g, 17%) as a red solid. 1H NMR (product) (CDCl3) δ7.40–7.49 (m, 2H), 7.13 (t, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H). Part D. To the product from Part C (58 g, 140 mmol) in toluene (500 mL) and water (500 mL) was added sodium cyanide (34 g, 700 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (23 g, 70 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux and maintained under reflux condition for 14 h. The dark brown mixture was then cooled, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. The organic layers were concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-acetonitrile (20 g, 54%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.54 (dd, 1H), 7.49 (dd, 1H), 7.18 (t, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H). Part E. To the product from Part D (20 g, 77 mmol) was added ethyl alcohol (470 mL), water (230 mL), and sodium hydroxide (31 g, 770 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux and maintained under reflux conditions for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled, concentrated, and acidified to pH 1 with concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in a vacuum oven to afford (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)acetic acid (21 g, 96%) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.43–7.48 (m, 2H), 7.00 (t, 1H), 3.67 (s, 2H). Part F. To the product from Part E (10 g, 36 mmol) was added methyl alcohol (25 mL) and benzene (250 mL). The resulting solution was cooled to 0° C., and (trimethylsilyl) diazomethane (9 mL, 38 mmol; 2.0 M in hexanes) was added dropwise over 15 min. After 1 h, the reaction was concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10–20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford methyl (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)acetate (6.9 g, 66%) as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.42–7.47 (m, 2H), 7.00 (t, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 2H). Part G. To methyl (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)acetate (1.0 g, 3.4 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (68 mL) was added potassium carbonate (1.9 g, 14 mmol) and 2-hydroxypyridine (650 mg, 6.8 mmol). The resulting mixture was degassed (alternate vacuum/nitrogen three times), and copper(I) iodide (650 mg, 3.4 mmol) was added in one portion. The light green mixture was again degassed (vac/N2) and warmed to 125° C. After 14 h, the brown-black mixture was cooled and poured into saturated aqueous ammonium hydroxide (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The layers were separated, and the organic layers were washed with water (2×50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The organic layers were concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by radial chromatography (20–100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford methyl [2-fluoro-4-(2-oxo-1(2H)-pyridinyl)-phenyl]acetate (340 mg, 39%) as a green-brown solid. LC/MS (ESI+): 262.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.22–7.36 (m, 3H), 7.08 (t, 2H), 6.54 (d, 1H), 6.18 (t, 1H), 3.63 (s, 5H). Part H. To a stirring solution of trimethylacetyl chloride (0.026 mL, 0.21 mmol), triethylamine (0.058 mL, 0.42 mmol), and diethyl ether (2.6 mL) in a flame-dried flask was added 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.21 mmol). The resulting white slurry was warmed to 23° C. and stirred for 1.5 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The resulting residue was partially redissolved in diethyl ether (2 mL) and filtered again. The filtrate was concentrated to give 2,2-dimethylpropanoic 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic anhydride as a viscous oil. The resulting solution was heated to reflux maintained under reflux conditions for 5 h The reaction was then cooled concentrated filtered The filtrate was concentrated the resulting dark red residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes)