2-(bromomethyl)prop-2-enoic acid

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium hydride (155 mg of a 95% dispersion in mineral oil, 6.13 mmol) was added in portions during 5 min to a stirred and cooled solution (ice-water bath) of 7 (1.0 g, 2.79 mmol) in THF (7 mL). When the evolution of hydrogen subsided DMF (2 mL) was added followed by a solution of bromomethylacrylic acid (505 mg, 3.06 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL). Stirring was continued with cooling (10 min) and then at 22° C. for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed (water, brine), dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silicic acid (15 g) using the flash technique and eluting with methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (10:1:0.005). The product containing fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to leave 2-((3-cyclohexyl-6-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-vinylphenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)acrylic acid (568 mg, 40%) as a yellow gum. A sample (142 mg) was further purified on a Shimadzu preparatory liquid chromatograph. The fraction containing the product was concentrated to leave 13 (R=H) as a granular solid. ESI-MS m/z 433 (MH+), 1H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.07–1.37 (m, 3 H) 1.58–1.88 (m, 7 H) 2.41–2.53 (m, 1 H) 3.93 (s, 3 H) 4.50 (d, J=18.31 Hz, 1 H) 4.84 (d, J=18.31 Hz, 1 H) 4.89 (s, 1 H) 5.13 (d, J=10.99 Hz, 1 H) 5.29 (s, 1 H) 5.68 (d, J=17.70 Hz, 1 H) 6.19 (s, 1 H) 6.36 (dd, J=17.55, 11.14 Hz, 1 H) 7.15 (d, J=7.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.31 (t, J=7.48 Hz, 1 H) 7.45 (t, J=7.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.70 (d, J=7.93 Hz, 1 H) 7.76–7.87 (m, 2 H) 7.96 (s, 1 H). was added Stirring with cooling (10 min) The mixture was concentrated the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water The organic layer was washed (water, brine) dried (sodium sulfate) concentrated The residue was chromatographed on silicic acid (15 g) eluting with methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (10:1:0.005) The product containing fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium hydride (155 mg of a 95% dispersion in mineral oil, 6.13 mmol) was added in portions during 5 min to a stirred and cooled solution (ice-water bath) of 7 (1.0 g, 2.79 mmol) in THF (7 mL). When the evolution of hydrogen subsided DMF (2 mL) was added followed by a solution of bromomethylacrylic acid (505 mg, 3.06 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL). Stirring was continued with cooling (10 min) and then at 22° C. for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed (water, brine), dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silicic acid (15 g) using the flash technique and eluting with methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (10:1:0.005). The product containing fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to leave 2-((3-cyclohexyl-6-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-vinylphenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)acrylic acid (568 mg, 40%) as a yellow gum. A sample (142 mg) was further purified on a Shimadzu preparatory liquid chromatograph. The fraction containing the product was concentrated to leave 13 (R=H) as a granular solid. ESI-MS m/z 433 (MH+), 1H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.07–1.37 (m, 3 H) 1.58–1.88 (m, 7 H) 2.41–2.53 (m, 1 H) 3.93 (s, 3 H) 4.50 (d, J=18.31 Hz, 1 H) 4.84 (d, J=18.31 Hz, 1 H) 4.89 (s, 1 H) 5.13 (d, J=10.99 Hz, 1 H) 5.29 (s, 1 H) 5.68 (d, J=17.70 Hz, 1 H) 6.19 (s, 1 H) 6.36 (dd, J=17.55, 11.14 Hz, 1 H) 7.15 (d, J=7.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.31 (t, J=7.48 Hz, 1 H) 7.45 (t, J=7.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.70 (d, J=7.93 Hz, 1 H) 7.76–7.87 (m, 2 H) 7.96 (s, 1 H). was added Stirring with cooling (10 min) The mixture was concentrated the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water The organic layer was washed (water, brine) dried (sodium sulfate) concentrated The residue was chromatographed on silicic acid (15 g) eluting with methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (10:1:0.005) The product containing fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 1-(5,6-Dichloro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (0.30 g; 1.05 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl) acrylic acid (1.80 g; 10.9 mmol) and indium (1.23 g; 10.7 mmol) were suspended in THF (10 mL) and 0.02 M HCl (15 mL) and stirred vigorously over 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (60 mL) and ethyl acetate (40 mL), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield the title compound as an off-white solid. the layers were separated the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL) The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 1-(5,6-Dichloro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (0.30 g; 1.05 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl) acrylic acid (1.80 g; 10.9 mmol) and indium (1.23 g; 10.7 mmol) were suspended in THF (10 mL) and 0.02 M HCl (15 mL) and stirred vigorously over 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (60 mL) and ethyl acetate (40 mL), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield the title compound as an off-white solid. the layers were separated the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL) The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 1-(5,6-Dichloro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (0.30 g; 1.05 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)acrylic acid (1.80 g; 10.9 mmol) and indium (1.23 g; 10.7 mmol) were suspended in THF (10 mL) and 0.02 M HCl (15 mL) and stirred vigorously over 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (60 mL) and ethyl acetate (40 mL), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield the title compound as an off-white solid. the layers were separated the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL) The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 1-(5,6-Dichloro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (0.30 g; 1.05 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)acrylic acid (1.80 g; 10.9 mmol) and indium (1.23 g; 10.7 mmol) were suspended in THF (10 mL) and 0.02 M HCl (15 mL) and stirred vigorously over 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (60 mL) and ethyl acetate (40 mL), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield the title compound as an off-white solid. the layers were separated the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL) The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) dried over Na2SO4 to yield a crude material The crude material was purified by column chromatography (SiO2; 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 2-bromomethylacrylic acid (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol), 4-butoxybenzenesulfinic acid, sodium salt (3.1 g, 13 mmol), sodium carbonate (1.9 g, 18 mmol) and dimethylformamide ( 20 mL) is refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture is then partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid and the organic phase is concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate is chromatographed over silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh) with chloroform/methyl alcohol/acetic acid (94/5/1) and the eluate concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid. is refluxed overnight The reaction mixture is then partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid the organic phase is concentrated in vacuo The concentrate is chromatographed over silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh) with chloroform/methyl alcohol/acetic acid (94/5/1) the eluate concentrated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 2-bromomethylacrylic acid (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol), n-octylthiol (1.2 mL, 6.6 mmol), and dimethylformamide (10 mL) is refluxed overnight. The mixture is then transferred to ethyl acetate and extracted with aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid and distilled water. The organic phase is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid. is refluxed overnight extracted with aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid distilled water The organic phase is concentrated in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-Bromomethylacrylic acid (3.00 g, 18.1 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (100 mL), cooled on an ice bath and treated with benzyl mercaptan. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (1N, 39.8 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was allowed to adjust to room temperature with stirring for 23 hours. Methanol was removed by rotary evaporation at reduced pressure and water (100 ml) was added to the residue, which was then washed with ether. The aqueous layer was cooled on ice and acidified to pH 2.5. The precipitated solid was isolated by filtration and dried to give 2-benzylsulfanylmethyl-acrylic acid (3.346 g, 89%). cooled on an ice bath to adjust to room temperature Methanol was removed by rotary evaporation at reduced pressure and water (100 ml) was added to the residue, which was then washed with ether The aqueous layer was cooled on ice The precipitated solid was isolated by filtration dried

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 2-Bromomethylacrylic acid (3.00 g, 18.1 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (100 mL), cooled on an ice bath and treated with benzyl mercaptan. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (1N, 39.8 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was allowed to adjust to room temperature with stirring for 23 hours. Methanol was removed by rotary evaporation at reduced pressure and water (100 mL) was added to the residue, which was then washed with ether. The aqueous layer was cooled on ice and acidified to pH 2.5. The precipitated solid was isolated by filtration and dried to give 2-benzylsulfanylmethyl-acrylic acid (3.346 g, 89%). cooled on an ice bath to adjust to room temperature Methanol was removed by rotary evaporation at reduced pressure and water (100 mL) was added to the residue, which was then washed with ether The aqueous layer was cooled on ice The precipitated solid was isolated by filtration dried