2-METHYLDIPHENYLMETHANE

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the like manner as the example in the above reference, benzylchloride and toluene were reacted by using a catalyst of FeCl3 ; and benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene were obtained by distillation. These benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene in a weight ratio of 80:20 were mixed together. The contents of isomers of the benzyltoluene in the obtained mixture were o-isomer: 39.1 wt%, m-isomer: 5.4 wt% and p-isomer: 35.5 wt%, which were almost coincident with the analytical values of the above commercial sample JARYLEC C-100 of o-isomer: 36.2 wt%, m-isomer: 5.9 wt% and p-isomer: 37.8 wt%.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the like manner as the example in the above reference, benzylchloride and toluene were reacted by using a catalyst of FeCl3 ; and benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene were obtained by distillation. These benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene in a weight ratio of 80:20 were mixed together. The contents of isomers of the benzyltoluene in the obtained mixture were o-isomer: 39.1 wt%, m-isomer: 5.4 wt% and p-isomer: 35.5 wt%, which were almost coincident with the analytical values of the above commercial sample JARYLEC C-100 of o-isomer: 36.2 wt%, m-isomer: 5.9 wt% and p-isomer: 37.8 wt%.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the like manner as the example in the above reference, benzyl chloride and toluene were reacted in the presence of a catalyst of FeCl3 ; and benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene were obtained by distillation. These benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene in a weight ratio of 80:20 were mixed together. The contents of isomers of the benzyltoluene in the obtained mixture were o-isomer: 39.1 wt %, m-isomer: 5.4 wt % and p-isomer: 35.5 wt %, which were almost coincident with the analytical values of the above JARYLEC C-100 of o-isomer: 36.2 wt %, m-isomer: 5.9 wt % and p-isomer: 37.8 wt %.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the like manner as the example in the above reference, benzyl chloride and toluene were reacted in the presence of a catalyst of FeCl3 ; and benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene were obtained by distillation. These benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene in a weight ratio of 80:20 were mixed together. The contents of isomers of the benzyltoluene in the obtained mixture were o-isomer: 39.1 wt %, m-isomer: 5.4 wt % and p-isomer: 35.5 wt %, which were almost coincident with the analytical values of the above JARYLEC C-100 of o-isomer: 36.2 wt %, m-isomer: 5.9 wt % and p-isomer: 37.8 wt %.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The reactor described in Example 1 is charged with a mixture of 60.7 g o-benzyl-toluene (5/8 Mol), 607 ml dry acetic acid, 3 g cobalt (II) acetate.4H2O, 0.5 g manganese (II) acetate.4H2O and 3.0 g cobalt (II) bromide.6H2O. The reaction is carried out as described above. The uptake of oxygen is completed after about 3 hours. After the analogous work up 2.2 g anthraquinone (3.2% of theory) and 68.1 g crude o-benzoyl-benzoic acid (90.4% of theory) are recovered; the acid number approaches 226, and the color is medium brown. Heating of a small sample with concentrated sulfuric acid yields a darkly-colored anthraquinone. After the analogous work up 2.2 g anthraquinone (3.2% of theory) and 68.1 g crude o-benzoyl-benzoic acid (90.4% of theory) are recovered Heating of a small sample with concentrated sulfuric acid

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: It is further known from the Japanese patent publication 49-75563 (Ref: Chem. Abstr. 1975, 43096w) to oxidize o-benzyl-toluene in an aliphatic carboxylic acid, for example acetic acid, in the presence of cobalt salts and bromine compounds, to which manganese salts may also be added as additional catalytic agents. The reaction, carried out at the atmospheric pressure or slightly elevated pressure at temperatures from 70° to 200° C. with air or oxygen-containing gases, yields o-benzoyl-benzoic acid with an anthraquinone content of between 3 and 9% as product. The oxidation in the acetic acid solution is carried out in general with a weight ratio of o-benzyl-toluene to acetic acid of about 1:10. After a reaction time of 4-5.5 hours o-benzoyl-benzoic acid in a yield of about 90-92.5% of theory is recovered, along with about 3-4% of theory of anthraquinone. The purity of the o-benzoyl-benzoic acid is not further discussed. The product is then heated with a minimal amount of concentrated sulfuric acid to about 250°-350° C.; in order to purify the thus-obtained anthraquinone, it is distilled at normal pressure. The degree of purity of this product is also not given. It is further noted that it is advantageous to add to the reaction mixture a solvent which does not mix with water such as benzene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene in order to eliminate the water produced by the reaction as an azeotrope. For example, half of the acetic acid can be replaced according to the publication by chlorobenzene; however, an azeotropic distillation during the oxidation is not achieved by following the example of the Japanese publication. The reaction containing gases

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A process for the manufacture of anthraquinones in which o-benzyl-toluene is first oxidized with 25 to 50 weight-% nitric acid at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures, and then further oxidized with a more dilute nitric acid at elevated temperatures and pressures to yield crude o-benzoyl-benzoic acid. The crude product is then esterified with methanol, the methyl ester distilled and, when necessary, recrystallized, and heated with concentrated sulfuric acid to yield anthraquinone in high yield and of a high degree of purity. to yield crude o-benzoyl-benzoic acid the methyl ester distilled when necessary, recrystallized heated with concentrated sulfuric acid

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In the like manner as the example in the above reference, benzylchloride and toluene were reacted by using a catalyst of FeCl3 ; and benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene were obtained by distillation. These benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene in a weight ratio of 80:20 were mixed together. The contents of isomers of the benzyltoluene in the obtained mixture were o-isomer: 39.1 wt %, m-isomer: 5.4 wt % and p-isomer: 35.5 wt %, which were almost coincident with the analytical values of the above commercial sample JARYLEC C-100 of o-isomer: 36.2 wt %, m-isomer: 5.9 wt % and p-isomer: 37.8 wt %.