(3S)-3-aminobutanenitrile

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (3S)-3-aminobutanenitrile (8.6 g, 102 mmol, may be prepared as described in PCT Int. Appl., WO2005/100321), bromobenzene (16.16 ml, 153 mmol) and cesium carbonate (50.0 g, 153 mmol) were combined in Toluene (100 ml) under nitrogen were stirred for 45 mins. Phenylboronic acid (0.187 g, 1.534 mmol, Aldrich), palladium (II) acetate (0.188 g, 0.837 mmol, available from Aldrich) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (0.443 g, 1.125 mmol, available from Aldrich) were combined in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.67 ml) under nitrogen and stirred for 45 mins. The THF solution was added to the toluene solution and the reaction heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml). The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtOAc (200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) and then dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to yield an orange oil. The crude product was taken up in the minimum of DCM, applied to a 330 g Companion XL column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV then 5-30% Ethyl Acetate over 12 CV then held at 30% for 3 CV; UV collection; 450 ml fractions. The product was isolated as an off-white solid (11.3526 g). stirred for 45 mins The reaction mixture was cooled partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) dried with Na2SO4 filtered concentrated to yield an orange oil eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV UV collection

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (3S)-3-aminobutanenitrile (8.6 g, 102 mmol, may be prepared as described in PCT Int. Appl., WO2005/100321), bromobenzene (16.16 ml, 153 mmol) and cesium carbonate (50.0 g, 153 mmol) were combined in Toluene (100 ml) under nitrogen were stirred for 45 mins. Phenylboronic acid (0.187 g, 1.534 mmol, Aldrich), palladium (II) acetate (0.188 g, 0.837 mmol, available from Aldrich) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (0.443 g, 1.125 mmol, available from Aldrich) were combined in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.67 ml) under nitrogen and stirred for 45 mins. The THF solution was added to the toluene solution and the reaction heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml). The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtOAc (200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) and then dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to yield an orange oil. The crude product was taken up in the minimum of DCM, applied to a 330 g Companion XL column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV then 5-30% Ethyl Acetate over 12 CV then held at 30% for 3 CV; UV collection; 450 ml fractions. The product was isolated as an off-white solid (11.3526 g). stirred for 45 mins The reaction mixture was cooled partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) dried with Na2SO4 filtered concentrated to yield an orange oil eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV UV collection

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (3S)-3-aminobutanenitrile (8.6 g, 102 mmol, may be prepared as described in PCT Int. Appl., 2005100321), bromobenzene (16.16 ml, 153 mmol) and cesium carbonate (50.0 g, 153 mmol) were combined in Toluene (100 ml) under nitrogen were stirred for 45 mins. Phenylboronic acid (0.187 g, 1.534 mmol, Aldrich), palladium(II) acetate (0.188 g, 0.837 mmol, available from Aldrich) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (0.443 g, 1.125 mmol, available from Aldrich) were combined in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.67 ml) under nitrogen and stirred for 45 mins. The THF solution was added to the toluene solution and the reaction heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml). The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtOAc (200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) and then dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to yield an orange oil. The crude product was taken up in the minimum of DCM, applied to a 330 g Companion XL column and eluted with 5% Ethyl Acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV then 5-30% Ethyl Acetate over 12 CV then held at 30% for 3 CV; UV collection; 450 ml fractions. The product was isolated as an off-white solid (11.3526 g). stirred for 45 mins The reaction mixture was cooled partitioned between EtOAc (500 ml) and water (300 ml) The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 ml each) dried with Na2SO4 filtered concentrated to yield an orange oil eluted with 5% Ethyl Acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV UV collection

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: (3S)-3-Aminobutanenitrile (8.6 g, 102 mmol, may be prepared as described in PCT Int. Appl., 2005100321), bromobenzene (16.16 ml, 153 mmol) and cesium carbonate (50.0 g, 153 mmol) were combined in toluene (100 mL) under nitrogen were stirred for 45 min. Phenylboronic acid (0.187 g, 1.534 mmol, Aldrich), palladium(II) acetate (0.188 g, 0.837 mmol, available from Aldrich) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (0.443 g, 1.125 mmol, available from Aldrich) were combined in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.67 ml) under nitrogen and stirred for 45 min. The THF solution was added to the toluene solution and the reaction heated to 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc (500 mL) and water (300 mL). The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtOAc (200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 mL each) and then dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to yield orange oil. The crude product was taken up in the minimum of DCM, applied to a 330 g Companion XL column and eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV then 5-30% ethyl acetate over 12 CV then held at 30% for 3CV; UV collection; 450 mL fractions. The product was isolated as an off-white solid (11.3526 g). stirred for 45 min The reaction mixture was cooled partitioned between EtOAc (500 mL) and water (300 mL) The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (500 mL each) dried with Na2SO4 filtered concentrated to yield orange oil eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane for 1 CV UV collection

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of the above amine (6.85 g, 81.5 mmol) in EtOH (150 mL) heated to 100° C. was added a solution of the above piperidone salt (32.9 g, 122 mmol) in H2O (150 mL) dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at reflux for 1 hour and then slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (120 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×150 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with H2O (150 mL) and the organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (R)-3-(4-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-butyronitrile as an orange liquid (11.74 g, 87%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 1.22 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz), 2.38-2.59 (m, 6H), 2.82-2.83 (m, 4H), 3.20-3.27 (m, 1H). at reflux for 1 hour The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (120 mL) extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×150 mL) The combined organic extracts were washed with H2O (150 mL) the organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) filtered concentrated under reduced pressure