(2R)-octan-2-ol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 27.6 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 39.0 g of (R)-2-octanol were refluxed for 10 hours in 300 ml of benzene in the presence of 0.5 ml of conc. sulfuric acid. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to the room temperature, and then concentrated and purified by column chromatography, to obtain 21.5 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid 1-methylheptyl ester. (yield: 43%) concentrated purified by column chromatography

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4-Methyl-3-nitrophenol (Compound 33, Scheme VI) was coupled with (R)-2-octanol using the same procedure as that given for alkylation of phenol 9, Scheme I, to give (S)-4-(1-methylheptyloxy)-2-nitro- toluene (Compound 34, Scheme VI, Rl =(S)--OCH(CH3)C6H13) as a yellow liquid; Rf [Hexanes/ethyl acetate 99/1]: 0.26; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.87(t, 3H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.16-1.65(m, 12H), 1.70(m, 1H), 2.50(s, 3H), 4.37(m, 1H), 7.02(dd, 1H ,J=2.7 Hz, J=8.5 Hz), 7.19(d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.47(d, 1H, J=2.7 Hz); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ13.97, 19.41, 19.63, 22.51, 25.32, 29.14, 31.69, 36.20, 74.72, 111.05, 121.44, 125.12, 133.44, 149.5, 156.77; IR (CHCl3): 3020, 2940, 2850, 1620, 1550, 1525, 1490, 1375, 1300, 1240, 1220, 1110, 1050, 975, 860, 825 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum, m/z(rel.intensity): 265(M+ 11), 153(33), 136(100), 112(21), 71(40), 57(70), 51(11), 43(78), 41(66).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 4-Methyl-3-nitrophenol (Compound 33, Scheme VI) was coupled with (R)-2-octanol using the same procedure as that given for alkylation of phenol 9, Scheme I, to give (S)-4-(1-methylheptyloxy)-2-nitro- toluene (Compound 34, Scheme VI, Rl =(S)--OCH(CH3)C6H13) as a yellow liquid; Rf [Hexanes/ethyl acetate 99/1]: 0.26; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.87(t, 3H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.16-1.65(m, 12H), 1.70(m, 1H), 2.50(s, 3H), 4.37(m, 1H), 7.02(dd, 1H ,J=2.7 Hz, J=8.5 Hz), 7.19(d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.47(d, 1H, J=2.7 Hz); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ13.97, 19.41, 19.63, 22.51, 25.32, 29.14, 31.69, 36.20, 74.72, 111.05, 121.44, 125.12, 133.44, 149.5, 156.77; IR (CHCl3): 3020, 2940, 2850, 1620, 1550, 1525, 1490, 1375, 1300, 1240, 1220, 1110, 1050, 975, 860, 825 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum, m/z(rel.intensity): 265(M+ 11), 153(33), 136(100), 112(21), 71(40), 57(70), 51(11), 43(78), 41(66).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Methyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-nitro-4-biphenylcarboxylate was coupled with (R)-2-octanol using the same procedure as that given for alkylation of phenol 9, Scheme I, to give (S)-methyl 4'-(1-methylheptyloxy)-3'-nitro-4-biphenylcarboxylate (Compound 30, Scheme V, R1 =(S)--OCH(CH3)C6H13) as a slightly yellow solid after flash chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate [93/7]. Recrystallization from hexanes gave material with mp 69° C.; Rf [hexanes/ethyl acetate 90/10]: 0.23; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.85(t, 3H, J=6.8 Mz), 1.20-1.52(m, 8H), 1.36(d, 3H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.80(m, 1H), 3.92(s, 3H), 4.53(m, 1H), 7.12(d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.59(d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.72(dd, 1H, J=2.4 Hz, J=8.7 Hz), 8.02(d, 1H, J=2.4 Hz), 8.08(d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz); 13C NMR (300 Mz, CDCl3): δ 13.99, 19.46, 22.50, 25.19, 29.09, 31.65, 36.13, 52.17, 76.58, 116.07, 124.04, 126.53, 129.31, 130.35, 131.90, 132.06, 141.11, 142.81, 151.49, 166.75; IR (CHCl3): 3020, 2920, 2850, 1725, 1625, 1620, 1540, 1490, 1360, 1280, 1180, 1120, 1020, 820 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum m/z(rel.intensity): 385(M+ 47), 354(27), 273(100), 242(34), 139(17), 71(10) 57(20), 43(45), 41(38).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoate was coupled with (R)-2-octanol using the same procedure as that given for alkylation of phenol 9, Scheme I, to give (S)-methyl-4-(1-methyheptyloxy)-3-nitrobenzoate (Compound 23, Scheme IV, R1 =(S)--OCH(CH3)C6H13). The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (95/5) as eluent affording a yellow liquid, Rf [hexanes/ethyl acetate 95/5]: 0.25; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.82 (t, 3H, J =7.1 Hz); 1.14-1.50 (m, 8H); 1.34(d, 3H, J=6.1 Hz); 1.60(m, 1H); 1.75(m, 1H); 3.87(s, 3H); 4.57(m, 1H); 7.06(d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz); 8.11(dd, 1H, J=2.2 Hz, J =8.9 Hz); 8.39(d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz); 13C-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ13.96, 19.31, 22.47, 25.06, 29.02, 31.60, 36.00, 52.35, 76.80, 114.63, 121.80, 127.17. 134.80, 140.27, 154.91, 165.08; Mass Spectrum , m/z(rel.intensity): 309 (M+ 1), 197 (32), 166(46),112(48), 71(63), 57(100), 55(46).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoate was coupled with (R)-2-octanol using the same procedure as that given for alkylation of phenol 9, Scheme I, to give (S)-methyl-4-(1-methyheptyloxy)-3-nitrobenzoate (Compound 23, Scheme IV, R1 =(S)--OCH(CH3)C6H13). The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (95/5) as eluent affording a yellow liquid, Rf [hexanes/ethyl acetate 95/5]: 0.25; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.82 (t, 3H, J =7.1 Hz); 1.14-1.50 (m, 8H); 1.34(d, 3H, J=6.1 Hz); 1.60(m, 1H); 1.75(m, 1H); 3.87(s, 3H); 4.57(m, 1H); 7.06(d, 1H, J=8.9 Hz); 8.11(dd, 1H, J=2.2 Hz, J =8.9 Hz); 8.39(d, 1H, J=2.2 Hz); 13C-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ13.96, 19.31, 22.47, 25.06, 29.02, 31.60, 36.00, 52.35, 76.80, 114.63, 121.80, 127.17. 134.80, 140.27, 154.91, 165.08; Mass Spectrum , m/z(rel.intensity): 309 (M+ 1), 197 (32), 166(46),112(48), 71(63), 57(100), 55(46).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To an argon-flushed flask containing 2.32 g (8 mmol) of 4'-hydroxy-4-biphenylyl benzoate and 1.25 eq of triphenylphosphine in 200 ml of dry THF was added a solution of 1.052 g (8.08 mmol) of (R)-2-octanol dissolved in 15 ml of dry THF via syringe. Then 1.2 eq of diethyl azodicarboxylate in 30 ml of dry THF was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h and then 5 drops of water was added and stirring was continued for an additional 1 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was triturated for 1 h in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30]. The solution was filtered through a short silica gel pad and the solvent evaporated. Flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate [98/2] as eluent afforded 2.42 g (75%) of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxy)-4-biphenylyl benzoate (Compound 39, Scheme VIII, R2 =(S) --OCH(CH3)C6H13) as a white solid (mp. 84° C.); Rf [hexanes/ethyl acetate 95/5]: 0.34; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.89 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.14-1.68(m, 9H), 1.32(d, 3H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.75 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 6.95(d, 2H, J=9 Hz), 7.25(d,2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.46-7.68(m, 7H), 8.22 (dd, 2H, J=1.2 Hz J=6.9 Hz); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ14.02, 19.73, 22.55, 25.50, 29.24, 31.75, 36.48, 73.96, 116.10, 121.88 , 127.72, 128.58, 129.61, 130.21, 132.64, 133.59, 138.79, 149.87, 157.94, 165.30; IR (CHCl3): 3020, 2930, 2850, 1745, 1600, 1500, 1260, 1240, 1170, 1190, 1070, 1000, 840, 820 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum, m/z (rel. intensity): 402(M+ 16), 290(14), 105(100), 77 (16), 43 (6) . To an argon-flushed flask stirring was continued for an additional 1 h The solvent was evaporated the crude product was triturated for 1 h in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30] The solution was filtered through a short silica gel pad the solvent evaporated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To an argon-flushed flask containing 2.32 g (8 mmol) of 4'-hydroxy-4-biphenylyl benzoate and 1.25 eq of triphenylphosphine in 200 ml of dry THF was added a solution of 1.052 g (8.08 mmol) of (R)-2-octanol dissolved in 15 ml of dry THF via syringe. Then 1.2 eq of diethyl azodicarboxylate in 30 ml of dry THF was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h and then 5 drops of water was added and stirring was continued for an additional 1 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was triturated for 1 h in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30]. The solution was filtered through a short silica gel pad and the solvent evaporated. Flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate [98/2] as eluent afforded 2.42 g (75%) of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxy)-4-biphenylyl benzoate (Compound 39, Scheme VIII, R2 =(S) --OCH(CH3)C6H13) as a white solid (mp. 84° C.); Rf [hexanes/ethyl acetate 95/5]: 0.34; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.89 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.14-1.68(m, 9H), 1.32(d, 3H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.75 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 6.95(d, 2H, J=9 Hz), 7.25(d,2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.46-7.68(m, 7H), 8.22 (dd, 2H, J=1.2 Hz J=6.9 Hz); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ14.02, 19.73, 22.55, 25.50, 29.24, 31.75, 36.48, 73.96, 116.10, 121.88 , 127.72, 128.58, 129.61, 130.21, 132.64, 133.59, 138.79, 149.87, 157.94, 165.30; IR (CHCl3): 3020, 2930, 2850, 1745, 1600, 1500, 1260, 1240, 1170, 1190, 1070, 1000, 840, 820 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum, m/z (rel. intensity): 402(M+ 16), 290(14), 105(100), 77 (16), 43 (6) . To an argon-flushed flask stirring was continued for an additional 1 h The solvent was evaporated the crude product was triturated for 1 h in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30] The solution was filtered through a short silica gel pad the solvent evaporated

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To an argon-flushed flask containing a solution of 3.01 g (15 mmol) of p-benzyloxy-phenol and 1.25 eq of triphenylphosphine in 220 ml in dry dichloromethane, was added a solution of 4.91 g (15.14 mmol) of (R)-2-octanol in 30 ml of dry dichloromethane via syringe. Then 1.20 eq of diethyl azodicarboxylate dissolved in 60 ml of dry dichloromethane was added dropwise for 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 h, Then 5 drops of water were added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The solvent was then evaporated and the residual crude product was triturated in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30] for 1 h and filtered through a short silica gel pad. The filtrate was evaporated and the product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane/hexanes [10/90 ] as eluent, affording 3.32 g (71%) of (S)-p-Benzyloxy-(1-methylheptyloxy)benzene (Compound 18, Scheme III, R2 =(S)-OCH(CH3) C6H13) as a colorless liquid: Rf [dichloromethane/hexanes 10/90]: 0.13; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ0.87(t, 3H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.20-1.60(m, 12H), 1.70(m, 1H), 4.21(m, 1H), 5.00(s, 2H), Distorted AA'BB' System [6.82(d, 2H) 6.88(d, 2H)], 7.30-7.46(m, 5H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ14.02, 19.77, 22.55, 25.52, 29.26, 31.77, 36.51, 70.63, 74.95, 115.77, 117.35, 127.49, 127.87, 128.55, 137.39, 152.53, 153.01; IR (CHCl3): 3010, 2940, 2850, 1600, 1500, 1475, 1450, 1375; 1230, 1200, 1125, 1025, 925, 825 cm-1 ; Mass spectrum, m/z (rel. Intensity): 312(M+ 7), 212(15), 91(100), 71(5), 57(8), 43(10). To an argon-flushed flask was added dropwise for 30 min the mixture was stirred for 1 h The solvent was then evaporated the residual crude product was triturated in a mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate [70/30] for 1 h filtered through a short silica gel pad The filtrate was evaporated the product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 40 g (0.31 moles) of a commercially available (R)-2-octanol was dissolved in 100 ml of pyridine. The mixture was cooled and 47.93 g (0.31 moles) of a commercially available 4-methylbenzoic chloride was added thereto while cooling. The mixture was then allowed to react with stirring at 50° to 60° C. for 2 hours. On completion of the reaction, 300 ml of water and 300 ml of toluene were added, and after vigorous stirring, the toluene layer was separated out and washed with 6N HCl. Washing was continued until this layer was neutral. This toluene layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, after which the toluene was distilled away. The residue was further subjected to evaporation under reduced pressure at 144° to 146° C. (2 mm Hg) and the distillate recovered, whereby 70.37 g of the objective 4-methylbenzoic acid [(R)-2-methylheptyl] ester was obtained. The mixture was cooled while cooling to react were added after vigorous stirring, the toluene layer was separated out and washed with 6N HCl Washing This toluene layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate after which the toluene was distilled away The residue was further subjected to evaporation under reduced pressure at 144° to 146° C. (2 mm Hg) the distillate recovered

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 40 g (0.31 moles) of a commercially available (R)-2-octanol was dissolved in 100 ml of pyridine. The mixture was cooled and 47.93 g (0.31 moles) of a commercially available 4-methylbenzoic chloride was added thereto while cooling. The mixture was then allowed to react with stirring at 50° to 60° C. for 2 hours. On completion of the reaction, 300 ml of water and 300 ml of toluene were added, and after vigorous stirring, the toluene layer was separated out and washed with 6N HCl. Washing was continued until this layer was neutral. This toluene layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, after which the toluene was distilled away. The residue was further subjected to evaporation under reduced pressure at 144° to 146° C. (2 mm Hg) and the distillate recovered, whereby 70.37 g of the objective 4-methylbenzoic acid [(R)-2-methylheptyl]ester was obtained. The mixture was cooled while cooling to react were added after vigorous stirring, the toluene layer was separated out and washed with 6N HCl Washing This toluene layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate after which the toluene was distilled away The residue was further subjected to evaporation under reduced pressure at 144° to 146° C. (2 mm Hg) the distillate recovered

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 27.6 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 39.0 g of (R)-2-octanol were refluxed for 10 hours in 300 ml of benzene in the presence of 0.5 ml of conc. sulfuric acid. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to the room temperature, and then concentrated and purified by column chromatography, to obtain 21.5 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid 1-methylheptyl ester. (yield: 43%) concentrated purified by column chromatography