ethyl 2-oxopentanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of ethyl 2-ketopentanoate (10 mL, 71 mmol) in 100 mL of THF at −78° C. was added dropwise a solution of 1.0 M vinyl magnesium bromide (80 mL, 80 mmol). After completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred for two more hours, the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was gradually warmed to ambient temperature. After the removal of the most of the solvent, the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution, extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over MgSO4. Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute afforded 4.80 grams of 5-methyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 5.824-5.917 (dd, 1H); 5.29 (d, 1H); 5.13 (d, 1H); 2.50-2.56 m, (2H); 2.07-2.18 (m, 2H); 1.48 (s, 3H). After completion of the addition the cooling bath was removed After the removal of the most of the solvent the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution extracted with ethyl acetate dried over MgSO4 Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Reaction of 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine with ethyl α-ketovalerate in ethanol using the procedure described above in Example 1; reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran of the resulting ethyl α-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole)acetate; reaction of the resulting 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with sodium hydride in DMF, and reaction of the resulting sodium salt with benzoyl chloride using the procedure described above in Example 1; and reaction of the resulting 1-benzoyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with thionyl bromide in benzene in the presence of calcium carbonate using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,028 affords 1-benzoyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole. The latter, on reaction with an appropriate amine in refluxing acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate affords the compounds of formula I in Examples 72-77 below where, in each instance, R1 is 5-CH3O; R2 is CH3 ; A is C6H5CO; and Alk is CH2CH2.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Reaction of 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine with ethyl α-ketovalerate in ethanol using the procedure described above in Example 1; reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran of the resulting ethyl α-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole)acetate; reaction of the resulting 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with sodium hydride in DMF, and reaction of the resulting sodium salt with benzoyl chloride using the procedure described above in Example 1; and reaction of the resulting 1-benzoyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with thionyl bromide in benzene in the presence of calcium carbonate using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,028 affords 1-benzoyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole. The latter, on reaction with an appropriate amine in refluxing acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate affords the compounds of formula I in Examples 72-77 below where, in each instance, R1 is 5-CH3O; R2 is CH3 ; A is C6H5CO; and Alk is CH2CH2.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of ethyl 2-ketopentanoate (10 mL, 71 mmol) in 100 mL of THF at −78° C. was added dropwise a solution of 1.0 M vinyl magnesium bromide (80 mL, 80 mmol). After completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred for two more hours, the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was gradually warmed to ambient temperature. After the removal of the most of the solvent, the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution, extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over MgSO4. Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute afforded 4.80 grams of 5-methyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 5.824-5.917 (dd, 1H); 5.29 (d, 1H); 5.13 (d, 1H); 2.50-2.56 m, (2H); 2.07-2.18 (m, 2H); 1.48 (s, 3H). After completion of the addition the cooling bath was removed After the removal of the most of the solvent the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution extracted with ethyl acetate dried over MgSO4 Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Reaction of 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine with ethyl α-ketovalerate in ethanol using the procedure described above in Example 1; reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran of the resulting ethyl α-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole)-acetate; reaction of the resulting 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with sodium hydride in DMF, and reaction of the resulting sodium salt with benzoyl chloride using the procedure described above in Example 1; and reaction of the resulting 1-benzoyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with thionyl bromide in benzene in the presence of calcium carbonate using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,028 affords 1-benzoyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole. The latter, on reaction with an appropriate amine in refluxing acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate affords the compounds of formula I in Examples 72-77 below where, in each instance, R1 is 5-CH3O; R2 is CH3 ; A is C6H5CO; and Alk is CH2CH2.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Reaction of 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine with ethyl α-ketovalerate in ethanol using the procedure described above in Example 1; reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran of the resulting ethyl α-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole)-acetate; reaction of the resulting 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with sodium hydride in DMF, and reaction of the resulting sodium salt with benzoyl chloride using the procedure described above in Example 1; and reaction of the resulting 1-benzoyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with thionyl bromide in benzene in the presence of calcium carbonate using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,028 affords 1-benzoyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole. The latter, on reaction with an appropriate amine in refluxing acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate affords the compounds of formula I in Examples 72-77 below where, in each instance, R1 is 5-CH3O; R2 is CH3 ; A is C6H5CO; and Alk is CH2CH2.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Reaction of 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine with ethyl α-ketovalerate in ethanol using the procedure described above in Example 1; reduction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran of the resulting ethyl α-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole)-acetate; reaction of the resulting 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with sodium hydride in DMF, and reaction of the resulting sodium salt with benzoyl chloride using the procedure described above in Example 1; and reaction of the resulting 1-benzoyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole with thionyl bromide in benzene in the presence of calcium carbonate using the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,028 affords 1-benzoyl-3-(2-bromoethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole. The latter, on reaction with an appropriate amine in refluxing acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate affords the compounds of formula I in Examples 72-77 below where, in each instance, R1 is 5-CH3O; R2 is CH3 ; A is C6H5CO; and Alk is CH2CH2.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of ethyl 2-ketopentanoate (10 mL, 71 mmol) in 100 mL of THF at −78° C. was added dropwise a solution of 1.0 M vinyl magnesium bromide (80 mL, 80 mmol). After completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred for two more hours, the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was gradually warmed to ambient temperature. After the removal of the most of the solvent, the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution, extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over MgSO4 Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute afforded 4.80 grams of 5-methyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 5.824-5.917 (dd, 1H); 5.29 (d, 1H); 5.13 (d, 1H); 2.50-2.56 m, (2H); 2.07-2.18 (m, 2H); 1.48 (s, 3H). After completion of the addition the cooling bath was removed After the removal of the most of the solvent the residue was poured to 2N HCl aqueous solution extracted with ethyl acetate dried over MgSO4 Purification by lash column chromatography on silica gel with DCM as elute

Conditions: temp:80.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 0.1 mol of 2,2-(dimethylthio)pentanoic acid (11) (19.4 g) was dissolved in 150 ml of toluene and admixed with 2.0 eq of H2O (3.6 ml) and a spatula-tip of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate. Subsequently, the mixture was heated to boiling point and a nitrogen stream was passed through the solution via a frit. After 3 h under reflux, the reaction mixture was cooled to 80° C. and admixed with 200 ml of ethanol and a further spatula-tip of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate. After a further 3 h under reflux, the mixture was cooled to 20° C., 200 ml of water were added and the mixture was extracted three times with 100 ml each time of diethyl ether. The combined ether phases were subsequently washed to neutrality with a dilute sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration, all of the solvent was drawn off with a rotary evaporator. The ethyl 2-oxovalerate (12) (10.2 g, yield=71%) was obtained as a pale yellowish oil. Subsequently, the mixture was heated After 3 h under reflux After a further 3 h under reflux the mixture was cooled to 20° C. the mixture was extracted three times with 100 ml each time of diethyl ether The combined ether phases were subsequently washed to neutrality with a dilute sodium hydrogencarbonate solution dried over magnesium sulfate After filtration all of the solvent was drawn off with a rotary evaporator

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of phenylhydrazine (1.0 g, 6.92 mmol) in absolute ethanol (50 mL) was placed in an oil bath at 60° C. and a reflux condenser attached. Ethyl 2-oxopentanoate (1.0 g, 6.94 mmol) (prepared according to Singh, J; Kissick, T. P.; Mueller, R. H. Organic Preparations and Procedures International (1989), 21(4), 501-4.) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. The solution was cooled to RT and the solvent concentrated. Purification was accomplished by column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc) to afford ethyl 3-ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (0.625 g, 41%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 11.45 (s, 1H) 7.66 (d, 1H) 7.41 (d, 1H) 7.25 (t, 1H) 7.05 (t, 1H) 4.34 (q, 2H) 3.05 (q, 2H) 1.35 (t, 3H) 1.19 (t, 3H). MS: m/z 218.0 (M+1). a reflux condenser attached The reaction mixture was heated to reflux the solvent concentrated Purification

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of ethyl 2-oxo-pentanoate (144 mg, 1.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal (0.68 mL) was heated to 100° C. for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the remaining crude ethyl 3-[1-dimethylamino-methylidene]-2-oxo-hexanoate was reacted with N-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl]guanidine dinitrate (298 mg, 0.80 mmol) in analogous manner as described in example 139. The resulting ethyl 5-ethyl-2-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)-phenylamino]-pyrimidine-4-carboxylate was subjected in analogous manner to the procedure described in example 165 to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (12 mg, 3%). MS ISP (m/e): 368.2 [(M+H)+]. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ (ppm)=8.31 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.04 (dd, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.44 (br s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.73 (q, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 6H), 1.30 (t, 3H). The mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a tank, fitted with a stirrer, introduce 25 kg of L-alanine dissolved in water, 1.1 kg of sodium hydroxide and 36 kg of ethyl 2-oxopentanoate. Stir the reaction mixture for 30 minutes. Into a hydrogenation apparatus introduce 5% palladium-on-carbon suspended in water, then the mixture obtained above. Hydrogenate at ambient temperature at a pressure of 1 bar until the theoretical amount of hydrogen has been absorbed. Remove the catalyst by filtration, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid to the filtrate until a pH of 3 is obtained. Harvest the resulting solid by means of filtration, take up the cake in acetonitrile at reflux, filter while hot and then allow to crystallize. Into a tank, fitted with a stirrer the mixture obtained above Hydrogenate at ambient temperature at a pressure of 1 bar until the theoretical amount of hydrogen has been absorbed Remove the catalyst by filtration add concentrated hydrochloric acid to the filtrate until a pH of 3 is obtained Harvest the resulting solid by means of filtration at reflux filter while hot and to crystallize