Niobium(5+) ethanolate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: NbxCe1-xO2 where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.05 was prepared by the following procedure. A solution of niobium ethoxide was prepared in n-butanol solvent in a low moisture and low oxygen environment to prevent hydrolysis of the niobium ethoxide with moisture present in the air. A partial solution/emulsion of cerium (III) 2-ethyl hexanoate in n-butanol was prepared. Then, the niobium ethoxide solution is admixed with the cerium 2-ethyl hexanoate solution/emulsion in an amount to provide a desired solid solution of about 2 to 5 mole percent niobium dopant. Then, the solution/emulsion mixture was then dried at about 110° C. in air to begin to transform the gel into powder. Next, the dried material was thermally decomposed by calcination at about 650° C. in air to form the solid solution of metal oxides powder agglomerate. The metal oxide powder was then deagglomerated by high frequency vibration through sonication in a MEK-ethanol solution containing a small amount of fish oil to result in an average particle size powder of about 0.8 microns. was prepared by the following procedure

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: NbxCe1-xO2 where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.05 was prepared by the following procedure. A solution of niobium ethoxide was prepared in n-butanol solvent in a low moisture and low oxygen environment to prevent hydrolysis of the niobium ethoxide with moisture present in the air. A partial solution/emulsion of cerium (III) 2-ethyl hexanoate in n-butanol was prepared. Then, the niobium ethoxide solution is admixed with the cerium 2-ethyl hexanoate solution/emulsion in an amount to provide a desired solid solution of about 2 to 5 mole percent niobium dopant. Then, the solution/emulsion mixture was then dried at about 110° C. in air to begin to transform the gel into powder. Next, the dried material was thermally decomposed by calcination at about 650° C. in air to form the solid solution of metal oxides powder agglomerate. The metal oxide powder was then deagglomerated by high frequency vibration through sonication in a MEK-ethanol solution containing a small amount of fish oil to result in an average particle size powder of about 0.8 microns. was prepared by the following procedure

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A solution of catechol (8.64 g, 78.5 mmol) and toluene (70 ml) was dehydrated by distilling 10 mL of the solution. Thereafter, 10.0 g (31.4 mmol) of niobium(V) ethoxide was added to the solution while stirring. The mixed solution was refluxed for 1 hour, and then, while the distillation temperature was 110° C. or higher, distilled until the amount of the solution became half. After the distillation, volatile components of the residual mixed solution were vaporized under reduced pressure by a rotary evaporator. The residual solid content was further heated to 100° C. under vacuum using a vacuum dryer so that the remaining volatile components were completely removed. The solid content (catechol-niobium complex) was brown in color. The yield amount was 11.4 g (31.4 mmol), and the yield percentage was 100%. 3.63 g of catechol-niobium complex was dissolved into 100 mL of 1:4 acetylacetone/toluene to produce a coating liquid. by distilling 10 mL of the solution The mixed solution was refluxed for 1 hour was 110° C. higher, distilled until the amount of the solution After the distillation, volatile components of the residual mixed solution were vaporized under reduced pressure by a rotary evaporator were completely removed 3.63 g of catechol-niobium complex was dissolved into 100 mL of 1:4 acetylacetone/toluene to produce a coating liquid

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: NbxCe1-xO2 where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.05 was prepared by the following procedure. A solution of niobium ethoxide was prepared in n-butanol solvent in a low moisture and low oxygen environment to prevent hydrolysis of the niobium ethoxide with moisture present in the air. A partial solution/emulsion of cerium (III) 2-ethyl hexanoate in n-butanol was prepared. Then, the niobium ethoxide solution is admixed with the cerium 2-ethyl hexanoate solution/emulsion in an amount to provide a desired solid solution of about 2 to 5 mole percent niobium dopant. Then, the solution/emulsion mixture was then dried at about 110° C. in air to begin to transform the gel into powder. Next, the dried material was thermally decomposed by calcination at about 650° C. in air to form the solid solution of metal oxides powder agglomerate. The metal oxide powder was then deagglomerated by high frequency vibration through sonication in a MEK-ethanol solution containing a small amount of fish oil to result in an average particle size powder of about 0.8 microns. was prepared by the following procedure