Pent-2-enenitrile

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suitable reaction flask is added 275.0 grams of 3-dodecyloxy-3-ethylpropyl amine (example 21). Heat while under agitation to 40° C. A nitrogen blanket is applied to the headspace of the reaction vessel. Keep the reaction flask headspace blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period. Begin addition of 90.0 grams of 2-pentenenitrile under good agitation keeping the temperature below 50° C. When all of the 2-pentenenitrile has been added, let react for two hours at 50° C. blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period the temperature below 50° C let react for two hours at 50° C.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The electrolysis was discontinued after 10 h, when 64% of tetramethoxyethane and 76% of pentenenitrile had been converted. Trimethyl orthoformate, methyl formate and formaldehyde dimethyl acetal had formed at the anode in a ratio of 1:0.17:0.1. The main products at the cathode were 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, pentanenitrile and 3-methoxypentanenitrile in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.8. A distillative workup provided the hydrodimerization 20 product of pentenenitrile, namely 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, in 97% purity.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The electrolysis was discontinued after 10 h, when 64% of tetramethoxyethane and 76% of pentenenitrile had been converted. Trimethyl orthoformate, methyl formate and formaldehyde dimethyl acetal had formed at the anode in a ratio of 1:0.17:0.1. The main products at the cathode were 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, pentanenitrile and 3-methoxypentanenitrile in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.8. A distillative workup provided the hydrodimerization 20 product of pentenenitrile, namely 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, in 97% purity.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: The electrolysis was discontinued after 10 h, when 64% of tetramethoxyethane and 76% of pentenenitrile had been converted. Trimethyl orthoformate, methyl formate and formaldehyde dimethyl acetal had formed at the anode in a ratio of 1:0.17:0.1. The main products at the cathode were 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, pentanenitrile and 3-methoxypentanenitrile in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.8. A distillative workup provided the hydrodimerization 20 product of pentenenitrile, namely 3.4-diethyladiponitrile, in 97% purity.

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suitable reaction flask is added 275.0 grams of 3-dodecyloxy-3-ethylpropyl amine (example 21). Heat while under agitation to 40° C. A nitrogen blanket is applied to the headspace of the reaction vessel. Keep the reaction flask headspace blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period. Begin addition of 90.0 grams of 2-pentenenitrile under good agitation keeping the temperature below 50° C. When all of the 2-pentenenitrile has been added, let react for two hours at 50° C. blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period the temperature below 50° C let react for two hours at 50° C.

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suitable reaction flask is added 275.0 grams of 3-dodecyloxy-3-ethylpropyl amine (example 21). Heat while under agitation to 40° C. A nitrogen blanket is applied to the headspace of the reaction vessel. Keep the reaction flask headspace blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period. Begin addition of 90.0 grams of 2-pentenenitrile under good agitation keeping the temperature below 50° C. When all of the 2-pentenenitrile has been added, let react for two hours at 50° C. blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period the temperature below 50° C let react for two hours at 50° C.

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suitable reaction flask is added 275.0 grams of 3-dodecyloxy-3-ethylpropyl amine (example 21). Heat while under agitation to 40° C. A nitrogen blanket is applied to the headspace of the reaction vessel. Keep the reaction flask headspace blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period. Begin addition of 90.0 grams of 2-pentenenitrile under good agitation keeping the temperature below 50° C. When all of the 2-pentenenitrile has been added, let react for two hours at 50° C. blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period the temperature below 50° C let react for two hours at 50° C.

Conditions: temp:48.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 20 l jacketed reactor fitted with heating/cooling circuit and reflux condenser, 3500 g of potassium tert-butoxide were initially charged, and 6316 g of tetrahydrofuran was added. At a temperature of at most 10° C., a mixture of 1200 g of pentenenitrile and 1651 g of ethyl propionate was then pumped in over a period of 75 min. Stirring was continued at 8 to 10° C. for 3 h and then at 15° C. overnight. The mixture was then adjusted to pH of 3.8 by pumping in 6316 g of 20% strength hydrochloric acid, with the temperature increasing to 48° C. 2400 ml of water and 4000 ml of o-xylene were then added. The aqueous (lower) phase was then removed, and the organic phase was washed two more times with in each case 2400 ml of water. What remained were 14650 g of organic phase. Concentration on a rotary evaporator at 60° C. and 10 mbar gave 1873 g of an amber product having a content of 87.4% a/a (GC), which was reacted further as such. fitted with heating/cooling circuit reflux condenser was then pumped in over a period of 75 min at 15° C. overnight The aqueous (lower) phase was then removed the organic phase was washed two more times with in each case 2400 ml of water Concentration on a rotary evaporator at 60° C.

Conditions: temp:48.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In a 20 l jacketed reactor fitted with heating/cooling circuit and reflux condenser, 3500 g of potassium tert-butoxide were initially charged, and 6316 g of tetrahydrofuran was added. At a temperature of at most 10° C., a mixture of 1200 g of pentenenitrile and 1651 g of ethyl propionate was then pumped in over a period of 75 min. Stirring was continued at 8 to 10° C. for 3 h and then at 15° C. overnight. The mixture was then adjusted to pH of 3.8 by pumping in 6316 g of 20% strength hydrochloric acid, with the temperature increasing to 48° C. 2400 ml of water and 4000 ml of o-xylene were then added. The aqueous (lower) phase was then removed, and the organic phase was washed two more times with in each case 2400 ml of water. What remained were 14650 g of organic phase. Concentration on a rotary evaporator at 60° C. and 10 mbar gave 1873 g of an amber product having a content of 87.4% a/a (GC), which was reacted further as such. fitted with heating/cooling circuit reflux condenser was then pumped in over a period of 75 min at 15° C. overnight The aqueous (lower) phase was then removed the organic phase was washed two more times with in each case 2400 ml of water Concentration on a rotary evaporator at 60° C.

Conditions: temp:40.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suitable reaction flask is added 275.0 grams of 3-dodecyloxy-3-ethylpropyl amine (example 21). Heat while under agitation to 40° C. A nitrogen blanket is applied to the headspace of the reaction vessel. Keep the reaction flask headspace blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period. Begin addition of 90.0 grams of 2-pentenenitrile under good agitation keeping the temperature below 50° C. When all of the 2-pentenenitrile has been added, let react for two hours at 50° C. blanketed with nitrogen throughout the entire reaction period the temperature below 50° C let react for two hours at 50° C.