1-BROMO-2,4,6-TRICHLOROBENZENE

Conditions: temp:55.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Diethyl malonate (6.21 mol) is added to a mixture of sodium hydride (5.13 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (1400 ml) at 55 to 60° C. within 3 hours. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 55° C. and copper(I) bromide (0.5 mol) is added. A mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorobromobenzene (2.50 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (600 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours and cooled to 15° C. Hydrochloric acid (12N, 350 ml) is added slowly at 15 to 20° C. The organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml). The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo. The residue is filtered over silica gel, washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) and the solvent is distilled off. The residue is distilled in vacuo to yield 540 g of the product as a white solid, 144-150° C. at 0.4 mbar. is added The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours cooled to 15° C The organic phase is separated off the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml) The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo The residue is filtered over silica gel washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) the solvent is distilled off The residue is distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an argon atmosphere, 9 g (34.6 mmol) of 1-bromo-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene, 9.8 g (34.45 mmol) of triphenylsilylacetylene, and 15 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 100 mL of absolute dioxane and at 90° C. combined with 0.2 g (1.04 mmol) of copper (I) iodide and 1.2 g (1.04 mmol) of tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through CELITE® filter aid and the filtrate is evaporated down. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate. The purification is carried out by column chromatography on silica gel (eluant: petroleum ether/toluene (5:1)). The product is recrystallized from petroleum ether and dried in the vacuum drying chamber at 70° C. Yield: 6.9 g (43% of theory); melting point: 115° C.-120° C.; C26H17Cl3Si (M=463.87); calc.: molecular ion peak (M+H)+: 463/465/467/469; found: molecular ion peak (M+H)+: 463/465/467/469; Rf value: 0.6 (silica gel, petroleum ether/toluene (4:1)). The reaction mixture is filtered through CELITE® filter aid the filtrate is evaporated down extracted with water The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate The purification The product is recrystallized from petroleum ether dried in the vacuum drying chamber at 70° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorobromobenzene (14.5 g, 55.69 mmol) with 2-methoxybenzeneboronic acid (12.69 g, 83.54 mol), dichlorobis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)-palladium(II) (0.656 g, 0.835 mmol), and potassium carbonate (19.21 g, 139.22 mmol) generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 37 provided 9.8 g (61%) of 2′4′,6′-trichloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl methyl ether. To a solution of 2′ 4′,6′-trichloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl methyl ether (9.8 g, 34.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) cooled to −78° C. was added boron tribromide (9.38 g, 1.0 M in dichloromethane) generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 163 provided 9.2 g of 2′,4′,6′-trichlorobiphenyl-2-ol as a yellow solid. Treatment of 2′,4′,6′-trichloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-ol (9.17 g, 33.52 mmol) with potassium carbonate (18.53 g, 134.1 mmol) and allyl bromide (4.46 g, 36.87 mol), followed by refluxing the resultant allyl ether in mesitylene generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 8 provided 3-allyl-2′,4′,6′-trichloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-ol. Treatment of 3-allyl-2′,4′,6′-trichloro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-ol. (10.35 g, 33.00 mmol) with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (17.08 g, 99.00 mmol, 77%) followed by potassium carbonate (11.40 g, 82.51 mmol) generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 9 afforded 10.4 g (95%) of (±)-[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanol. Treatment of (±)-[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanol (10.38 g, 31.49 mmol) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (7.20 g, 37.79 mol) generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 10 gave 10.5 g (68%) of (±)-[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate as a white solid. Treatment of (±)-[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.38 g, 2.85 mmol) with sodium azide (0.74 g, 11.4 mmol) generally according to the procedure described for Intermediate 98 afforded 0.93 g, (92%) of (±)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran. To a solution of (±)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran in tetrahydrofuran (75 mL) was added polymer-supported triphenylphosphine (1.36 g, 5.24 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered (celite) and the solvent removed in vacuo to provide a crude oil. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica, 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide in methanol:ethyl acetate 1:9) provided a colorless oil. The oil was re-dissolved in isopropanol (2 mL) and hydrogen chloride (6 mL, 1.0 M in diethyl ether) was added. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed (diethyl ether), and dried to give 0.53 g (56%) of (±)-{[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine as a white solid, hydrochloride salt. mp >225° C.

Conditions: temp:55.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Diethyl malonate (6.21 mol) is added to a mixture of sodium hydride (5.13 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (1400 ml) at 55 to 60° C. within 3 hours. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 55° C. and copper(I) bromide (0.5 mol) is added. A mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorobromobenzene (2.50 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (600 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours and cooled to 15° C. Hydrochloric acid (12N, 350 ml) is added slowly at 15 to 20° C. The organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml). The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo. The residue is filtered over silica gel, washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) and the solvent is distilled off. The residue is distilled in vacuo to yield 540 g of the product as a white solid, 144-150° C. at 0.4 mbar. is added The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours cooled to 15° C The organic phase is separated off the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml) The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo The residue is filtered over silica gel washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) the solvent is distilled off The residue is distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:150.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a stirred solution of 3-Amino-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzene sulfonamide (200 mg, 0.93 mmol), 1,3,5-trichloro-2-bromobenzene (301 mg, 1.16 mmol), K2CO3 (319 mg, 2.31 mmol) and XantPhos (54 mg, 0.093 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 ml) under nitrogen in a microwave tube was added Pd2dba3 (43 mg, 0.047 mmol) in one portion and the tube sealed. The reaction was heated with stirring in a microwave at 150° C. for 45 minutes. The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite. The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate:hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions to afford the named product (96.3 mg, 26%); 6H (400 MHz, DMSO) 8.45 (1H, s), 7.82 (2H, s), 7.54 (1H, t), 7.33 (1H, t), 7.13 (1H, d), 6.93 (1H, s), 6.76 (1H, d), 4.70 (1H, brs), 3.35 (2H, m) and 2.75 (2H, q); LCMS Rt=3.79 min, m/z (ES−) 392 (M−H) the tube sealed The reaction was heated The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions

Conditions: temp:160.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a stirred solution of 2-Amino-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzene sulfonamide (160 mg, 0.74 mmol), 1,3,5-trichloro-2-bromobenzene (241 mg, 0.93 mmol), K2CO3 (256 mg, 1.85 mmol) and xantphos (43 mg, 0.074 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 ml) under nitrogen in a microwave tube was added Pd2dba3 (34 mg, 0.037 mmol) in one portion and the tube sealed. The reaction was heated with stirring in a microwave at 160° C. for 120 minutes. The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite. The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate:hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions to afford the named product (49.0 mg, 17%); δH (400 MHz, DMSO) 7.83 (3H, m), 7.75+7.45 (1H, d), 7.59+7.10 (1H, s), 7.55+7.38 (1H, t), 7.16+6.95 (1H, t), 7.10+6.40 (1H, d), 4.73 (1H, m), 3.35 (2H, m) and 2.83 (2H, m); LCMS Rt=7.92 min, m/z (ES+) 397 (M+H). the tube sealed The reaction was heated The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions

Conditions: temp:150.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a stirred solution of C-(3-Aminophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-methanesulfonamide (200 mg, 0.87 mmol), 1,3,5-trichloro-2-bromobenzene (283 mg, 1.09 mmol), K2CO3 (300 mg, 2.17 mmol) and XantPhos (50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 ml) under nitrogen in a microwave tube was added Pd2dba3 (40 mg, 0.04 mmol) in one portion and the tube sealed. The reaction was heated with stirring in a microwave at 150° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite. The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate:hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions to afford the named product (17.8 mg, 5%); 6H (400 MHz, DMSO) 8.00 (1H, s), 7.76 (2H, s), 7.12 (1H, t), 6.99 (1H, t), 6.76 (1H, d), 6.62 (1H, s), 6.48 (1H, d), 4.69 (1H, brs), 4.21 (2H, s), 3.39 (2H, m) and 2.93 (2H, q); LCMS Rt=3.83 min, m/z (ES−) 409 (M−H). the tube sealed The reaction was heated The reaction was cooled before filtering through celite The crude reaction mixture was part-purified by column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate hexane and the concentrated fractions further purified by preparative chromatography under acidic conditions

Conditions: temp:55.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Diethyl malonate (6.21 mol) is added to a mixture of sodium hydride (5.13 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (1400 ml) at 55 to 60° C. within 3 hours. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 55° C. and copper(I) bromide (0.5 mol) is added. A mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorobromobenzene (2.50 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (600 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours and cooled to 15° C. Hydrochloric acid (12N, 350 ml) is added slowly at 15 to 20° C. The organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml). The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo. The residue is filtered over silica gel, washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) and the solvent is distilled off. The residue is distilled in vacuo to yield 540 g of the product as a white solid, 144-150° C. at 0.4 mbar. is added The reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 14 hours cooled to 15° C The organic phase is separated off the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and toluene (200 ml) The combined organic phases are concentrated in vacuo The residue is filtered over silica gel washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15:1) the solvent is distilled off The residue is distilled in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: In an argon atmosphere, 9 g (34.6 mmol) of 1-bromo-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene, 9.8 g (34.45 mmol) of triphenylsilylacetylene, and 15 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 100 mL of absolute dioxane and at 90° C. combined with 0.2 g (1.04 mmol) of copper (I) iodide and 1.2 g (1.04 mmol) of tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered through CELITE® filter aid and the filtrate is evaporated down. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate. The purification is carried out by column chromatography on silica gel (eluant: petroleum ether/toluene (5:1)). The product is recrystallized from petroleum ether and dried in the vacuum drying chamber at 70° C. Yield: 6.9 g (43% of theory); melting point: 115° C.-120° C.; C26H17Cl3Si (M=463.87); calc.: molecular ion peak (M+H)+: 463/465/467/469; found: molecular ion peak (M+H)+: 463/465/467/469; Rf value: 0.6 (silica gel, petroleum ether/toluene (4:1)). The reaction mixture is filtered through CELITE® filter aid the filtrate is evaporated down extracted with water The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate The purification The product is recrystallized from petroleum ether dried in the vacuum drying chamber at 70° C