2-chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:2.51; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: β-phenylethylamine (0.68 kg) was taken in dry toluene (4.42 L) and sodium bicarbonate (0.612 kg) was added at 30° C. and cooled to 0-5° C. Chloroacetyl chloride was slowly added under nitrogen blanket at 0-10° C., stirred and maintained for 2 hr. After completion of the reaction, water was added slowly and reaction mass was allowed to attain 33±2° C. and the layers were separated. To the aqueous layer toluene was added, stirred and two layers were separated. To the organic layer dil HCl solution (0.653 L DM water+0.272 L con HCl) was added, stirred and two layers were separated. To the organic layer again sodium bicarbonate solution (0.653 L DM water+0.068 kg sodium bicarbonate) was added, stirred and two layers were separated. Water was added to the organic layer, stirred and two layers were separated. From the organic layer toluene was distilled out, methanol was added, heated to 58° C., stirred. To the reaction mass water was added, temperature was maintained at 58° C., stirred for 1-1.5 hr, cool to 30±2° C. for 3 hrs under stirring. Stirring was continued for 3 hrs at 0-5° C. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with water and dried. maintained for 2 hr was added slowly reaction mass to attain 33±2° C. the layers were separated To the aqueous layer toluene was added stirred two layers were separated To the organic layer dil HCl solution (0.653 L DM water+0.272 L con HCl) was added stirred two layers were separated To the organic layer again sodium bicarbonate solution (0.653 L DM water+0.068 kg sodium bicarbonate) was added stirred two layers were separated Water was added to the organic layer stirred two layers were separated From the organic layer toluene was distilled out methanol was added heated to 58° C. stirred To the reaction mass water was added temperature was maintained at 58° C. stirred for 1-1.5 hr cool to 30±2° C. for 3 hrs under stirring Stirring The reaction mass was filtered washed with water dried

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 895-913 describes a process comprising: a) reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of sodium bicarbonate to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide, b) treating 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide with aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal to give 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, c) making hydrochloride salt of 2-[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, and d) cyclising using sulphuric acid to form praziquanamine (i.e.4-oxo-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 895-913 describes a process comprising: a) reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of sodium bicarbonate to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide, b) treating 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide with aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal to give 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, c) making hydrochloride salt of 2-[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, and d) cyclising using sulphuric acid to form praziquanamine (i.e.4-oxo-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: KR2002076486 describes a process for preparation of praziquantel by reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide. The compound 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide is then reacted with pthalimide to give 2-pthalimido-N-phenethylacetamide, which is then treated with hydrazine monohydrate to give 2-amino-N-phenylethylacetamide. On further treatment with bromoacetal, 2-amino-N-phenylethylacetamide gives 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide. This compound on further cyclization and acylation using cyclohexanoylchloride forms praziquantel.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: KR2002076486 describes a process for preparation of praziquantel by reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide. The compound 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide is then reacted with pthalimide to give 2-pthalimido-N-phenethylacetamide, which is then treated with hydrazine monohydrate to give 2-amino-N-phenylethylacetamide. On further treatment with bromoacetal, 2-amino-N-phenylethylacetamide gives 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide. This compound on further cyclization and acylation using cyclohexanoylchloride forms praziquantel.

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal (20.05 g, 191 mmol) was added to the solution of 2-chloro-N-phenethyl-acetamide (18.33 g, 92.7 mmol) in toluene (92 ml) and refluxed in 2 hours. After ice-cooling and removal of precipitate by filtration, filtrate was washed with water and dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and 4N hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (18 ml) was added to the residue followed by filtration and wash with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether afforded 2-(2,2-dimethoxy-ethylamino)-N-phenethyl-acetamide hydrochloride (8.77 g, 52%). refluxed in 2 hours After ice-cooling removal of precipitate by filtration, filtrate was washed with water dried with magnesium sulfate The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and 4N hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (18 ml) was added to the residue followed by filtration wash with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Chloroacetylchloride (13.55 g, 120 mmol) was dropped into a solution of 2-phenylethylamine (12.12 g, 100 mmol), sodium bicarbonate (10.6 g, 126 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml) under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. After addition of ice-water, the organic layer was separated and washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and brine. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was recrystallized from mixture of water (20 ml) and methanol (30 ml) to afford 2-chloro-N-phenethyl-acetamide (18.33 g, 93%). the organic layer was separated washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and brine The solvents were removed under reduced pressure the residue was recrystallized from mixture of water (20 ml) and methanol (30 ml)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Chloroacetylchloride (13.55 g, 120 mmol) was dropped into a solution of 2-phenylethylamine (12.12 g, 100 mmol), sodium bicarbonate (10.6 g, 126 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml) under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. After addition of ice-water, the organic layer was separated and washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and brine. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was recrystallized from mixture of water (20 ml) and methanol (30 ml) to afford 2-chloro-N-phenethyl-acetamide (18.33 g, 93%). the organic layer was separated washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and brine The solvents were removed under reduced pressure the residue was recrystallized from mixture of water (20 ml) and methanol (30 ml)

Conditions: temp:2.51; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: β-phenylethylamine (0.68 kg) was taken in dry toluene (4.42 L) and sodium bicarbonate (0.612 kg) was added at 30° C. and cooled to 0-5° C. Chloroacetyl chloride was slowly added under nitrogen blanket at 0-10° C., stirred and maintained for 2 hr. After completion of the reaction, water was added slowly and reaction mass was allowed to attain 33±2° C. and the layers were separated. To the aqueous layer toluene was added, stirred and two layers were separated. To the organic layer dil HCl solution (0.653 L DM water+0.272 L con HCl) was added, stirred and two layers were separated. To the organic layer again sodium bicarbonate solution (0.653 L DM water+0.068 kg sodium bicarbonate) was added, stirred and two layers were separated. Water was added to the organic layer, stirred and two layers were separated. From the organic layer toluene was distilled out, methanol was added, heated to 58° C., stirred. To the reaction mass water was added, temperature was maintained at 58° C., stirred for 1-1.5 hr, cool to 30±2° C. for 3 hrs under stirring. Stirring was continued for 3 hrs at 0-5° C. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with water and dried. maintained for 2 hr was added slowly reaction mass to attain 33±2° C. the layers were separated To the aqueous layer toluene was added stirred two layers were separated To the organic layer dil HCl solution (0.653 L DM water+0.272 L con HCl) was added stirred two layers were separated To the organic layer again sodium bicarbonate solution (0.653 L DM water+0.068 kg sodium bicarbonate) was added stirred two layers were separated Water was added to the organic layer stirred two layers were separated From the organic layer toluene was distilled out methanol was added heated to 58° C. stirred To the reaction mass water was added temperature was maintained at 58° C. stirred for 1-1.5 hr cool to 30±2° C. for 3 hrs under stirring Stirring The reaction mass was filtered washed with water dried

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 895-913 describes a process comprising: a) reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of sodium bicarbonate to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide, b) treating 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide with aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal to give 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, c) making hydrochloride salt of 2-[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, and d) cyclising using sulphuric acid to form praziquanamine (i.e.4-oxo-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline).

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 895-913 describes a process comprising: a) reacting phenylethylamine with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of sodium bicarbonate to obtain 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide, b) treating 2-chloro-N-phenethylacetamide with aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal to give 2-[2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, c) making hydrochloride salt of 2-[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, and d) cyclising using sulphuric acid to form praziquanamine (i.e.4-oxo-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline).