ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a cold solution of ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate (2 g, 11.62 mmol) in AcOH (20 mL), was added Br2 (596 μL, 11.62 mmol). The mixture was stirred 20 minutes at 0° C., then the mixture was allowed to warm to rt. After the mixture was stirred for 3 h, water and CH2Cl2 were added. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated to give crude ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxoheptanoate as a dark oil; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.05-5.01 (m, 1 H), 4.45-4.20 (m, 2 H), 2.18-1.94 (m, 2 H), 1.74-1.57 (m, 2 H), 1.48-1.17 (m, 5 H), 0.95-0.82 (m, 3 H). This compound was used without purification for the preparation of compounds of the invention such as 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-piperidinyl)-5-butyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (Table entry 20). to warm to rt After the mixture was stirred for 3 h The organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) evaporated

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suspension of LiI (23.61 g, 176.44 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at rt was slowly added Cu2Br2 (25.30 g, 88.22 mmol). A vigorous exothermic reaction occurred, and the mixture was then cooled to −78° C. Pentylmagnesium bromide (2M, 36.76 mL, 88.22 mmol) was slowly added at −78° C., and followed soon after by ethyl chloro(oxo)acetate (10 g, 73.52 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred 10 minutes at −78° C., then quenched by dropwise addition of water. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt, and then the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated. Purification by flash chromatography using 9:1 hexane/EtOAc as eluant gave ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate as a colorless oil (3.0 g, 23%). 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.33-4.21 (m, 2 H), 2.82 (m, 2 H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2 H), 1.63-11.19 (m, p H), 0.9-0.83 (m, 3 H), LC-MS m/z 279.21 (MH+), retention time 2.42 min (method 2). A vigorous exothermic reaction quenched by dropwise addition of water to warm to rt the organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) evaporated Purification by flash chromatography

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suspension of LiI (23.61 g, 176.44 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at rt was slowly added Cu2Br2 (25.30 g, 88.22 mmol). A vigorous exothermic reaction occurred, and the mixture was then cooled to −78° C. Pentylmagnesium bromide (2M, 36.76 mL, 88.22 mmol) was slowly added at −78° C., and followed soon after by ethyl chloro(oxo)acetate (10 g, 73.52 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred 10 minutes at −78° C., then quenched by dropwise addition of water. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt, and then the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated. Purification by flash chromatography using 9:1 hexane/EtOAc as eluant gave ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate as a colorless oil (3.0 g, 23%). 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.33-4.21 (m, 2 H), 2.82 (m, 2 H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2 H), 1.63-11.19 (m, p H), 0.9-0.83 (m, 3 H), LC-MS m/z 279.21 (MH+), retention time 2.42 min (method 2). A vigorous exothermic reaction quenched by dropwise addition of water to warm to rt the organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) evaporated Purification by flash chromatography

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a cold solution of ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate (2 g, 11.62 mmol) in AcOH (20 mL), was added Br2 (596 μL, 11.62 mmol). The mixture was stirred 20 minutes at 0° C., then the mixture was allowed to warm to rt. After the mixture was stirred for 3 h, water and CH2Cl2 were added. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated to give crude ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxoheptanoate as a dark oil; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.05-5.01 (m, 1 H), 4.45-4.20 (m, 2 H), 2.18-1.94 (m, 2 H), 1.74-1.57 (m, 2 H), 1.48-1.17 (m, 5 H), 0.95-0.82 (m, 3 H). This compound was used without purification for the preparation of compounds of the invention such as 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-piperidinyl)-5-butyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (Table entry 20). to warm to rt After the mixture was stirred for 3 h The organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) evaporated

Conditions: temp:-78.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a suspension of LiI (23.61 g, 176.44 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at rt was slowly added Cu2Br2 (25.30 g, 88.22 mmol). A vigorous exothermic reaction occurred, and the mixture was then cooled to −78° C. Pentylmagnesium bromide (2M, 36.76 mL, 88.22 mmol) was slowly added at −78° C., and followed soon after by ethyl chloro(oxo)acetate (10 g, 73.52 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred 10 minutes at −78° C., then quenched by dropwise addition of water. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt, and then the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated. Purification by flash chromatography using 9:1 hexane/EtOAc as eluant gave ethyl 2-oxoheptanoate as a colorless oil (3.0 g, 23%). 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.33-4.21 (m, 2 H), 2.82 (m, 2 H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2 H), 1.63-11.19 (m, p H), 0.9-0.83 (m, 3 H), LC-MS m/z 279.21 (MH+), retention time 2.42 min (method 2). A vigorous exothermic reaction quenched by dropwise addition of water to warm to rt the organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) evaporated Purification by flash chromatography