3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Degassed tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (200 mL, 591 mmol) was added to a stirred, room temperature mixture of 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile (115 g, 537 mmol) and cis-PdCl2(PPh3)2 (18.9 g, 26.9 mmol) in degassed dioxane (1149 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 22 hours. Completion of the reaction could be seen by plating of palladium metal onto the side of the flask. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and THF (575 mL) and Water (230 mL) were added followed by NBS (110 g, 618 mmol) (added portionwise over 15 min, maintaining internal temperature<5° C.). After 30 minutes, HPLC showed full consumption of the intermediate enol ether. The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) and washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL), then washed with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. A precipitate was generated, and the solid was filtered and washed several times with hexanes. It was dried by nitrogen sweep, providing 3-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. Completion of the reaction The reaction was cooled to 0° C. added portionwise over 15 min maintaining internal temperature<5° C.) After 30 minutes consumption of the intermediate enol ether The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL) washed with water The organics were dried over MgSO4 filtered concentrated the solid was filtered washed several times with hexanes It was dried by nitrogen sweep

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a 3 L 3 Neck round bottomed flask equipped with overhead stirrer was charged 2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile (191.8 g., 1419 mmol) and MsOH (563 mL, 8516 mmol). NBS (265 g., 1490 mmol) was added portionwise to this stirred solution over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 33 hours. The reaction was poured into 1 L of ice, diluted with 700 mL 30% EtOAc/Hexanes, and agitated. The aqueous layer was cut, and the organics washed twice with 1N NaOH and then with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, concentrated, then stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight. Precipitate formed over this time, and was filtered and washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes, providing a first crop of product. A second crop of precipitate provided additional 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. agitated the organics washed twice with 1N NaOH The organics were dried over MgSO4 concentrated stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight Precipitate formed over this time was filtered washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes providing a first crop of product

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Degassed tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (200 mL, 591 mmol) was added to a stirred, room temperature mixture of 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile (115 g, 537 mmol) and cis-PdCl2(PPh3)2 (18.9 g, 26.9 mmol) in degassed Dioxane (1149 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 22 hours. By this time HPLC showed complete conversion of starting material (requires at least 12 hours), completion of the reaction can be seen by plating of palladium metal onto the side of the flask. At this time the reaction was cooled to 0° C. and THF (575 mL) and Water (230 mL) were added followed by NBS (110 g, 618 mmol) (added portionwise over 15 min, maintaining internal temperature<5° C.). After 30 minutes, HPLC showed full consumption of the intermediate enol ether. The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) and washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL), then washed with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. A precipitate was generated, and the solid was filtered and washed several times with hexanes. It was dried by nitrogen sweep, providing 3-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. conversion of starting material (requires at least 12 hours), completion of the reaction At this time the reaction was cooled to 0° C. added portionwise over 15 min maintaining internal temperature<5° C.) After 30 minutes consumption of the intermediate enol ether The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL) washed with water The organics were dried over MgSO4 filtered concentrated the solid was filtered washed several times with hexanes It was dried by nitrogen sweep

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a 3 L 3 Neck round bottomed flask equipped with overhead stirrer was charged 2-Fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile (191.8 g., 1419 mmol) and MsOH (563 mL, 8516 mmol). NBS (265 g., 1490 mmol) was added portionwise to this stirred solution over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 33 hours. By that time, HPLC showed the reaction to be mostly complete, so the reaction was poured into 1 L of ice (exotherm noted), diluted with 700 mL 30% EtOAc/Hexanes, and agitated. The aqueous layer was cut, and the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH and with water. The aqueous cuts were observed to be significantly enriched with impurities. The organics were dried over MgSO4, concentrated, then stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight. Precipitate formed over this time, and was filtered and washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes, providing a first crop of product. A second crop of precipitate provided further 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. the reaction agitated the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH The organics were dried over MgSO4 concentrated stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight Precipitate formed over this time was filtered washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes providing a first crop of product

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (23.6 g, 110 mmol), potassium vinyl trifluoroborate (29.5 g, 221 mmol), PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2 Adduct (4.03 g, 5.51 mmol), and TEA (30.7 mL, 221 mmol) were added to 250 mL of ethanol. The reaction mixture was degassed then stirred at reflux for 4 h. LC-MS confirmed the presence of product. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed twice with brine, dried, and evaporated to dryness. The crude material was then purified by MPLC chromatography using a 330 g Redi-sep column and eluting with a 10% EtOAc/Hexane solvent system to yield 3-ethenyl-6-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile. The reaction mixture was degassed at reflux for 4 h The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate washed twice with brine dried evaporated to dryness The crude material was then purified by MPLC chromatography eluting with a 10% EtOAc/Hexane solvent system

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a 3 L 3 Neck RB equipped with overhead stirrer was charged 2-Fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile (191.8 g., 1419 mmol) and MsOH (563 mL, 8516 mmol). NBS (265 g., 1490 mmol) was added portionwise to this stirred solution over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 33 hours. By this time, HPLC shows the reaction to be mostly complete, so the reaction was poured into 1 L of ice (exotherm noted), diluted with 700 mL 30% EtOAc/Hexanes, and agitated. The aqueous layer was cut, and the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH and with water. The aqueous cuts were observed to be significantly enriched with impurities. The organics were dried over MgSO4, concentrated, then stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight. Precipitate formed over this time, and was filtered and washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes. A second crop of precipitate was combined with the first crop to provide 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. the reaction agitated the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH The organics were dried over MgSO4 concentrated stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight Precipitate formed over this time was filtered washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Commercially available 2-fluoro-6-methylbenzonitrile (Apollo Scientific, 15.0 g, 111 mmol) was dissolved in triflic acid (75 mL) at 0° C. then NBS (20.7 g, 117 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h then poured into ice water and extracted twice with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, then filtered and evaporated to dryness to yield 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile: LC-MS: M+1=214, 216. extracted twice with DCM The organic layer was washed with brine dried over Na2SO4 filtered evaporated to dryness

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: 6-Fluoro-2-methyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)benzonitrile was prepared in two steps starting from 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile in an analogous fashion to that described for the synthesis of 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3-(2-oxoethyl)benzonitrile (Steps B and C) above.

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Degassed tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (200 mL, 591 mmol) was added to a stirred, room temperature mixture of 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile (115 g, 537 mmol) and cis-PdCl2(PPh3)2(18.9 g, 26.9 mmol) in degassed dioxane (1149 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 22 hours. Completion of the reaction could be seen by plating of palladium metal onto the side of the flask. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and THF (575 mL) and Water (230 mL) were added followed by NBS (110 g, 618 mmol) (added portionwise over 15 min, maintaining internal temperature <5° C.). After 30 minutes, HPLC showed full consumption of the intermediate enol ether. The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) and washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL), then washed with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. A precipitate was generated, and the solid was filtered and washed several times with hexanes. It was dried by nitrogen sweep, providing 3-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. Completion of the reaction The reaction was cooled to 0° C. added portionwise over 15 min maintaining internal temperature <5° C.) After 30 minutes consumption of the intermediate enol ether The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL) washed with water The organics were dried over MgSO4 filtered concentrated the solid was filtered washed several times with hexanes It was dried by nitrogen sweep

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a 3 L 3 Neck round bottomed flask equipped with overhead stirrer was charged 2-fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile (191.8 g., 1419 mmol) and MsOH (563 mL, 8516 mmol). NBS (265 g., 1490 mmol) was added portionwise to this stirred solution over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 33 hours. The reaction was poured into 1 L of ice, diluted with 700 mL 30% EtOAc/Hexanes, and agitated. The aqueous layer was cut, and the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH and with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, concentrated, then stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight. Precipitate formed over this time, and was filtered and washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes, providing a first crop of product. A second crop of precipitate provided additional 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. agitated the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH The organics were dried over MgSO4 concentrated stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight Precipitate formed over this time was filtered washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes providing a first crop of product

Conditions: temp:100.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Degassed tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (200 mL, 591 mmol) was added to a stirred, room temperature mixture of 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile (115 g, 537 mmol) and cis-PdCl2(PPh3)2(18.9 g, 26.9 mmol) in degassed Dioxane (1149 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 22 hours. By this time HPLC showed complete conversion of starting material (requires at least 12 hours), completion of the reaction can be seen by plating of palladium metal onto the side of the flask. At this time the reaction was cooled to 0° C. and THF (575 mL) and Water (230 mL) were added followed by NBS (110 g, 618 mmol) (added portionwise over 15 min, maintaining internal temperature <5° C.). After 30 minutes, HPLC showed full consumption of the intermediate enol ether. The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) and washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL), then washed with water. The organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. A precipitate was generated, and the solid was filtered and washed several times with hexanes. It was dried by nitrogen sweep, providing 3-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. conversion of starting material (requires at least 12 hours), completion of the reaction At this time the reaction was cooled to 0° C. added portionwise over 15 min maintaining internal temperature <5° C.) After 30 minutes consumption of the intermediate enol ether The solution was diluted with MTBE (1000 mL) washed with 0.5% aqueous HBr (3×500 mL) washed with water The organics were dried over MgSO4 filtered concentrated the solid was filtered washed several times with hexanes It was dried by nitrogen sweep

Conditions: temp:50.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a 3 L 3 Neck round bottomed flask equipped with overhead stirrer was charged 2-Fluoro-6-methyl-benzonitrile (191.8 g., 1419 mmol) and MsOH (563 mL, 8516 mmol). NBS (265 g., 1490 mmol) was added portionwise to this stirred solution over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 33 hours. By that time, HPLC showed the reaction to be mostly complete, so the reaction was poured into 1 L of ice (exotherm noted), diluted with 700 mL 30% EtOAc/Hexanes, and agitated. The aqueous layer was cut, and the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH and with water. The aqueous cuts were observed to be significantly enriched with impurities. The organics were dried over MgSO4, concentrated, then stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight. Precipitate formed over this time, and was filtered and washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes, providing a first crop of product. A second crop of precipitate provided further 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-benzonitrile. the reaction agitated the organics washed 2× with 1N NaOH The organics were dried over MgSO4 concentrated stored in a −10° C. freezer overnight Precipitate formed over this time was filtered washed with 5% EtOAc/Hexanes providing a first crop of product