methyl (3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutanoate

Conditions: temp:5.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (125.1 g, 0.93 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1.8 L) was added PPh3 (244.5 g, 0.93 mol) and slowly added NCS (124.2 g, 0.93 mol) under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 20 min and then stirred for 18 h at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient) to give (R)methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (33 g, 26% over 3 steps). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ 4.18-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.33 (d, J=42 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 2H). stirred for 18 h at room temperature After evaporating the solvent the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient)

Conditions: temp:10.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated

Conditions: temp:10.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated

Conditions: temp:5.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (125.1 g, 0.93 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1.8 L) was added PPh3 (244.5 g, 0.93 mol) and slowly added NCS (124.2 g, 0.93 mol) under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 20 min and then stirred for 18 h at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient) to give (R)-methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (33 g, 26% over 3 steps). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.18-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.33 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 2H). stirred for 18 h at room temperature After evaporating the solvent the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). stirred at 10° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated

Conditions: temp:5.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (125.1 g, 0.93 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1.8 L) was added PPh3 (244.5 g, 0.93 mol) and slowly added NCS (124.2 g, 0.93 mol) under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 20 min and then stirred for 18 h at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient) to give (R)-methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (33 g, 26% over 3 steps). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.18-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.33 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 2H). stirred for 18 h at room temperature After evaporating the solvent the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). stirred at 10° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated

Conditions: temp:5.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (125.1 g, 0.93 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1.8 L) was added PPh3 (244.5 g, 0.93 mol) and slowly added NCS (124.2 g, 0.93 mol) under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 20 min and then stirred for 18 h at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient) to give (R)-methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (33 g, 26% over 3 steps). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.18-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.33 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 2H). stirred for 18 h at room temperature After evaporating the solvent the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient)

Conditions: temp:20.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). stirred at 10° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated

Conditions: temp:5.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (125.1 g, 0.93 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1.8 L) was added PPh3 (244.5 g, 0.93 mol) and slowly added NCS (124.2 g, 0.93 mol) under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 20 min and then stirred for 18 h at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient) to give (R)methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (33 g, 26% over 3 steps). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ 4.18-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.33 (d, J=42 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 2H). stirred for 18 h at room temperature After evaporating the solvent the residue was purified by column chromatography (P.E\E.A 20:1-5:1, gradient)

Conditions: temp:10.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: To a solution of (R)-dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate (140 g, 0.86 mol) in THF (1400 mL) was added dropwise Me2S.BH3 (86 mL, 10 M) at 20° C. over 30 min. The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min. NaBH4 (1.63 g, 42.9 mmol) was added at 10° C. and stirred at 10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. CH3OH (200 mL) was slowly added to the mixture while cooling in an ice-water bath. The resulting mixture was evaporated to give (R)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate (130 g, crude). The mixture was stilted at 20° C. for 30 min The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for 1 h while cooling in an ice-water bath The resulting mixture was evaporated