Dichloromaleic anhydride

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:25.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Sodium ethoxide (3.56 g, 50 mmol) was added to a solution containing 2,3-dichloromaleic anhydride (5.56 g, 33.3 mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (3.50 g, 55.0 mmol) in 40 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred under a CaCl2 drying tube at 25° C. for 16 hours and then refluxed for 4 hours. The cooled mixture was poured into water (350 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×75 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with 100 mL portions of saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water and brine and dried (MgSO4). The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol to give 3.82 g (64%) of 2,3-dichloro N-methylmaleimide as white crystals. Concentration of the mother liquor and chromatography of the residue by radial preparative layer chromatography (Chromatotron, Harrison Research), gave an additional 0.81 g of 2,3-dichloro N-methylmaleimide, raising the yield to 77%. refluxed for 4 hours extracted with EtOAc (3×75 mL) The combined organic extracts were washed with 100 mL portions of saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water and brine dried (MgSO4) The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure The residue was recrystallized from ethanol

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 10.0 g (0.052 mole) of 2-phenylindole, 8.8 g (0.052 mole) of dichloromaleic anhydride and 150 ml of ethylene dichloride was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 48 hours. The solid that formed was collected by filtration and dried at 60° C. in vacuo to obtain 4-(2-phenyl-3-indolyl)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (Formula VIII: R=Y=H; R1 =C6H5) as a tan-colored solid which melted over the range 150°-152° C. The solid that formed was collected by filtration dried at 60° C. in vacuo

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 10.0 g (0.07 mole) of 1,2-dimethylindole, 12.0 g (0.07 mole) of dichloromaleic anhydride and 200 ml of ethylene dichloride was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately eighteen hours. The solid present in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration. After drying at 60° C. in vacuo there was obtained 20.0 g of 4-(1,2-dimethyl-3-indolyl)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (Formula VIII: R=R1 =CH3 ; Y=H) as a pale blue solid which melted over the range 150° to 153° C. Infrared spectral analysis showed a maximum at 1712 (C=O; s) cm-1. The solid present in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration After drying at 60° C. in vacuo

Conditions: temp:10.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A 3L-three-necked flask fitted with a magnetic stir bar, digital thermocouple/thermometer, nitrogen purge and solid addition funnel was charged with 450 g (269.5 mol) of dichloromaleic anhydride, 191 g (282.8 mol) of methylamine hydrochloride and 1.6 L of acetic acid. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 10° C., and 160 g NaOMe added from the solid addition funnel over 1 hour while keeping the temperature between 10°-12° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 42 hours (24 hours is sufficient) then heated to 100° C. for 3 hours. HPLC analysis at this time indicated that all the starting material had disappeared. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and 2L water was added. The mixture was then cooled to 3°-10° C. for 1 hour and filtered at 4° C. The solids were then rinsed with 2L of cold deionized water. The pale yellow solid dried in an air oven overnight to afford 360 g (75%) yield of the titled compound. A 3L-three-necked flask fitted with a magnetic stir bar digital thermocouple/thermometer, nitrogen purge solid addition funnel between 10°-12° C then heated to 100° C. for 3 hours The reaction was cooled to room temperature The mixture was then cooled to 3°-10° C. for 1 hour filtered at 4° C The solids were then rinsed with 2L The pale yellow solid dried in an air oven overnight

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 2-cycloheptenylamine (1.01 g), dichloromaleic anhydride (1.67 g) and acetic acid (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, ether (20 ml) was added to the reaction mixture which was then washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water and a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution in this order. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The deposited crystal was purified by recrystallization from hexane to obtain 1.67 g of N-(2-cycloheptenyl)dichloromaleinimide [Compound (217)]. was heated under reflux for 3 hours After cooling was then washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate concentrated The deposited crystal was purified by recrystallization from hexane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: A mixture of 2-cycloheptenylamine (1.01 g), dichloromaleic anhydride (1.67 g) and acetic acid (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, ether (20 ml) was added to the reaction mixture which was then washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water and a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution in this order. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The deposited crystal was purified by recrystallization from hexane to obtain 1.67 g of N-(2-cycloheptenyl)dichloromaleinimide [Compound (217)]. was heated under reflux for 3 hours After cooling was then washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate concentrated The deposited crystal was purified by recrystallization from hexane