methyl hexadecanoate

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:120.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a 250 ml-flask equipped with reflux condenser, were introduced 14.3 g of methyl palmitate and 16.5 g of N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-n-hexadecyl amine prepared in Example 1, and thereto was added 2.6 g of sodium carbonate. Then, the mixture was stirred violently for 3 hours at 120° C. After the termination of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to a room temperature and 100 ml of chloroform was added thereto to be dissolved. The precipitates were removed and the solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure. The produced solid was recrystallized from hexane to give 23.2 g of the title compound(Yield: 82%) as white powder, which was identified by IR and NMR. The results are shown in Table 1. Into a 250 ml-flask equipped with reflux condenser After the termination of the reaction the mixture was cooled to a room temperature to be dissolved The precipitates were removed the solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure The produced solid was recrystallized from hexane

Conditions: temp:120.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Into a 250 ml-flask equipped with reflux condenser, were introduced 14.3 g of methyl palmitate and 16.5 g of N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-n-hexadecyl amine prepared in Example 1, and thereto was added 2.6 g of sodium carbonate. Then, the mixture was stirred violently for 3 hours at 120° C. After the termination of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to a room temperature and 100 ml of chloroform was added thereto to be dissolved. The precipitates were removed and the solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure. The produced solid was recrystallized from hexane to give 23.2 g of the title compound(Yield: 82%) as white powder, which was identified by IR and NMR. The results are shown in Table 1. Into a 250 ml-flask equipped with reflux condenser After the termination of the reaction the mixture was cooled to a room temperature to be dissolved The precipitates were removed the solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure The produced solid was recrystallized from hexane

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Basal gastric acidity was determined by pyloric ligation under ether anaesthesia followed by gastric lavage with normal saline. Except for the control group, all the rats received 3 doses (1, 3 & 5 mg/kg) of the said compound and standard antagonist atropine (0.01, 0.05 & 0.1 mg/kg) subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to pyloric ligation. Three hours later the animals were killed and the stomach was tied at the oesophageal junction and removed. The contents were collected by cutting along the greater curvature and the free acidity was determined by titration against 0.01 normal NaOH using Topfers reagent as indicator. Three hours removed The contents were collected

Conditions: temp:65.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Palmitic acid methyl ester (2.00 g; 7.40 mmol) was combined with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-12) monomethyl ether 550 (4.41 g; 7.40 mmol; 1.0 equiv) having an average molecular weight of 596 (available from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company) in a 40-milliliter vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on a porous fluoropolymer support as described in US published Patent Application 2012/0040395 was added to the flask in an amount of 0.13 grams, (2 wt % based on the total weight of starting materials). The mixture was stirred and heated to 65° C. and purged with a subsurface stream of nitrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min. After 24 hours a final sample was removed and analyzed by GC to determine conversion of methyl palmitate to palmitic acid methyl ester ethoxylate. Conversion was as follows: after 3 hours, 64.8%; after 6 hours, 80.8%, after 12 hours, 92.1%; and after 23 hours, 96.4%. vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added to the flask in an amount of 0.13 grams purged with a subsurface stream of nitrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min After 24 hours a final sample was removed after 6 hours 80.8%, after 12 hours and after 23 hours

Conditions: temp:65.01; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Palmitic acid methyl ester (2.00 g; 7.40 mmol) was combined with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-12) monomethyl ether 550 (4.41 g; 7.40 mmol; 1.0 equiv) having an average molecular weight of 596 (available from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company) in a 40-milliliter vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on a porous fluoropolymer support as described in US published Patent Application 2012/0040395 was added to the flask in an amount of 0.13 grams, (2 wt % based on the total weight of starting materials). The mixture was stirred and heated to 65° C. and purged with a subsurface stream of nitrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min. After 24 hours a final sample was removed and analyzed by GC to determine conversion of methyl palmitate to palmitic acid methyl ester ethoxylate. Conversion was as follows: after 3 hours, 64.8%; after 6 hours, 80.8%, after 12 hours, 92.1%; and after 23 hours, 96.4%. vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added to the flask in an amount of 0.13 grams purged with a subsurface stream of nitrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min After 24 hours a final sample was removed after 6 hours 80.8%, after 12 hours and after 23 hours

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Mixture of methyl esters, namely methyl myristate (0.5%), methyl palmitate (4.9%), methyl oleate (83.6%) and methyl linoleate (11.0%) exhibit low pour point of −21° C. This methyl esters mixture was obtained via acid-catalysed direct esterification of technical grade of oleic acid (with purity ≈80%) with methanol. pour point of −21° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: Mixture of methyl esters, namely methyl myristate (0.5%), methyl palmitate (4.9%), methyl oleate (83.6%) and methyl linoleate (11.0%) exhibit low pour point of −21° C. This methyl esters mixture was obtained via acid-catalysed direct esterification of technical grade of oleic acid (with purity ≈80%) with methanol. pour point of −21° C

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-octadecylamine (1.0 g, 0.0029 mole) and potassium hydroxide (0.01 g, 0.18 mmole) were heated to 85° C. under vacuum. Methyl palmitate (0.7885 g, 0.0029 mole) was heated and added dropwise to the reaction. The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours. A waxy off-white solid was obtained (crude yield=1.59 g). The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.99 g). added dropwise to the reaction The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours A waxy off-white solid was obtained (crude yield=1.59 g) The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.99 g)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylamine (0.40 g, 0.0013 mole) and potassium hydroxide (0.01 g, 0.18 mmole) were heated to 85° C. under vacuum. Methyl palmitate (0.343 g, 0.0013 mole) was heated to melt and added dropwise to the reaction. The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours. A waxy off-white solid was obtained. The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.4 g). added dropwise to the reaction The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours A waxy off-white solid was obtained The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.4 g)

Conditions: temp:0.00; pressure:0.00; stir:; See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Procedure: N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-N-dodecylamine (0.50 g, 0.0019 mole) and potassium hydroxide (0.01 g, 0.18 mmole) were heated to 85° C. under vacuum. Methyl palmitate (0.57 g, 0.0021 mole) was heated and added dropwise to the reaction. The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours. A waxy off-white solid was obtained (crude yield=0.92 g) The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.6 g). added dropwise to the reaction The reaction was heated under vacuum for 6 hours A waxy off-white solid was obtained (crude yield=0.92 g) The waxy solid was recrystalized from hot hexane (yield=0.6 g)